Transient structure and intrinsic disorder in the c-Myc transactivation domain and its effects on ligand binding

• The crucial role of c-Myc as an oncoprotein and as a key regulator of cell growth makes it essential to understand the molecular basis of c-Myc function. The transactivation domain of c-Myc coordinates a wealth of protein interactions involved in transformation, differentiation and apoptosis. We have characterized in detail the intrinsically disordered properties of c-Myc-1-88, where hierarchical phosphorylation of T58 and S62 regulates activation and destruction of the c-Myc protein. By NMR chemical shift analysis, relaxation measurements and NOE analysis, we show that both the MBI region (residues 45-65) and residues 22-33 are transiently structured regions, conserved also in other members of the Myc family. Binding of Bin1-SH3 to c-Myc-1-88 as assayed by NMR and SPR revealed primary binding to the S62 region, but also a dynamically disordered and multivalent complex in which intrinsic disorder of c-Myc-1-88 was retained while releasing transient intramolecular interactions. Our findings describe a novel mode of regulatory recognition of c-Myc that is in agreement with the increasingly recognized capability of intrinsically disordered regions to efficiently mediate transient interactions with a wide range of targets, with important implications towards understanding the unique multifaceted biological functions of c-Myc.

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