Seasonal mixed layer depth shapes phytoplankton physiology, viral production, and accumulation in the North Atlantic

Seasonal shifts in phytoplankton accumulation and loss largely follow changes in mixed layer depth, but the impact of mixed layer depth on cell physiology remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the physiological state of phytoplankton populations associated with distinct bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic. Stratification and deep mixing alter community physiology and viral production, effectively shaping accumulation rates. Communities in relatively deep, early-spring mixed layers are characterized by low levels of stress and high accumulation rates, while those in the recently shallowed mixed layers in late-spring have high levels of oxidative stress. Prolonged stratification into early autumn manifests in negative accumulation rates, along with pronounced signatures of compromised membranes, death-related protease activity, virus production, nutrient drawdown, and lipid markers indicative of nutrient stress. Positive accumulation renews during mixed layer deepening with transition into winter, concomitant with enhanced nutrient supply and lessened viral pressure. Phytoplankton are important primary producers. Here the authors investigate phytoplankton physiological changes associated with bloom phases and mixing regimes in the North Atlantic, finding that stratification and deep mixing shape accumulation rates by altering physiology and viral production.

Knowles, BenRutgers State Univ, USA;Univ Calif Los Angeles, USA (författare)
Johns, Christopher T.Rutgers State Univ, USA (författare)
Laber, Christien P.Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM),Rutgers State Univ, USA,Ctr Ecol & Evolut Microbial Model Syst EEMiS(Swepub:lnu)chlaaa (författare)
Bondoc, Karen Grace, VRutgers State Univ, USA (författare)
Haramaty, LitiRutgers State Univ, USA (författare)
Natale, FrankRutgers State Univ, USA (författare)
Harvey, Elizabeth L.Univ New Hampshire, USA (författare)
Kramer, Sasha J.Univ Calif Santa Barbara, USA (författare)
Bolanos, Luis M.Oregon State Univ, USA;Univ Exeter, UK (författare)
Lowenstein, Daniel P.Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, USA (författare)
Fredricks, Helen F.Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, USA (författare)
Graff, JasonOregon State Univ, USA (författare)
Westberry, Toby K.Oregon State Univ, USA (författare)
Mojica, Kristina D. A.Oregon State Univ, USA;Univ Southern Mississippi, USA (författare)
Haentjens, NilsUniv Maine, USA (författare)
Baetge, NicholasUniv Calif Santa Barbara, USA (författare)
Gaube, PeterUniv Washington, USA (författare)
Boss, EmmanuelUniv Maine, USA (författare)
Carlson, Craig A.Univ Calif Santa Barbara, USA (författare)
Behrenfeld, Michael J.Oregon State Univ, USA (författare)
Van Mooy, Benjamin A. S.Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, USA (författare)
Bidle, Kay D.Rutgers State Univ, USA (författare)
Rutgers State Univ, USARutgers State Univ, USA;Univ Calif Los Angeles, USA (creator_code:org_t)

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