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Time series subsidence evaluation using NSBAS InSAR: a case study of twin megacities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) in Pakistan
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- Zafar, Waqar Ali (författare)
- DNE, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Centre for Earthquake Studies, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
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- Javed, Farhan (författare)
- Centre for Earthquake Studies, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
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- Ahmed, Rizwan (författare)
- DNE, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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- Shah, Muhammad Ali (författare)
- Centre for Earthquake Studies, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
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- Ahmad, Mahmood (författare)
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Bannu Campus, Bannu, Pakistan; Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
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- Khan, Muhammad Younis (författare)
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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- Abdullah, Gamil M. S. (författare)
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia; Science and Engineering Research Center, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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- Khan, Daud (författare)
- Department of Transport Systems, Traffic Engineering and Logistics, Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Katowice, Poland
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- Najeh, Taoufik (författare)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Drift, underhåll och akustik
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- Gamil, Yaser (författare)
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Frontiers Media SA, 2024
- 2024
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-6463. ; 12
- Relaterad länk:
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https://doi.org/10.3...
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https://ltu.diva-por... (primary) (Raw object)
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.3...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Ground deformation associated with natural and anthropogenic activities can be damaging for infrastructure and can cause enormous economic loss, particularly in developing countries which lack measuring instruments. Remote sensing techniques like interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) can thus play an important role in investigating deformation and mitigating geohazards. Rawalpindi and Islamabad are twin cities in Pakistan with a population of approximately 5.4 million, along with important government and private entities of national and international interest. In this study, we evaluate rapid paced subsidence in this area using a modified small baseline subset technique with Sentinel-1A imagery acquired between 2015 and 2022. Our results show that approximately 50 mm/year subsidence occurs in the older city of Rawalpindi, the most populated zone. We observed that subsidence in the area is controlled by the buried splays of the Main Boundary Thrust, one of the most destructive active faults in the recent past. We suggest that such rapid subsidence is most probably due to aggressive subsurface water extraction. It has been found that, despite provision of alternate water supplies by the district government, a very alarming number of tube wells are being operated in the area to extract ground water. Over 2017–2021, field data showed that near-surface aquifers up to 50–60 m deep are exhausted, and most of the tube wells are currently extracting water from depths of approximately 150–160 m. The dropping water level is proportional to the increasing number of tube wells. Lying downstream of tributaries originating from the Margalla and Murree hills, this area has a good monsoon season, and its topography supports recharge of the aquifers. However, rapid subsidence indicates a deficit between water extraction and recharge, partly due to the limitations inherent in shale and the low porosity near the surface lithology exposed in the area. Other factors amplifying the impacts are fast urbanization, uncontrolled population growth, and non-cultivation of precipitation in the area.
Ämnesord
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Naturresursteknik -- Geofysisk teknik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Environmental Engineering -- Geophysical Engineering (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- buried faults
- ground subsidence
- InSAR
- NSBAS
- subsurface water level
- Operation and Maintenance Engineering
- Drift och underhållsteknik
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- ref (ämneskategori)
- art (ämneskategori)
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Zafar, Waqar Ali
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Javed, Farhan
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Ahmed, Rizwan
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Shah, Muhammad A ...
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Ahmad, Mahmood
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Khan, Muhammad Y ...
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Abdullah, Gamil ...
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Khan, Daud
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Najeh, Taoufik
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Gamil, Yaser
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