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Reducing supply risk of critical materials for clean energy via foreign direct investment

Sun, Xin (författare)
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Center for Resources Energy and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Hao, Han (författare)
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Center for Resources Energy and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Automotive Strategy Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Galeazzi, Clara (författare)
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance (C-EENRG), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Fishman, Tomer (författare)
Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
Xun, Dengye (författare)
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Center for Resources Energy and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Ericsson, Magnus (författare)
Luleå tekniska universitet,Samhällsvetenskap
Liu, Gang (författare)
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
Hsieh, I-Yun L. (författare)
Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Liu, Zongwei (författare)
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Automotive Strategy Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Zhao, Fuquan (författare)
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Automotive Strategy Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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 (creator_code:org_t)
Springer Nature, 2024
2024
Engelska.
Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 2398-9629. ; 7:5, s. 672-681
Relaterad länk:
https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
Abstract Ämnesord
Stäng  
  • Existing research on the security of the supply of critical materials for clean energy generally aggregates information at the country level, a practice that obscures the extensive role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the production of critical materials. FDI refers to an ownership stake in a company or project by an overseas investor. Here we establish a database for global mining of lithium, cobalt, nickel and platinum at company level, covering 240 countries and regions. We show that 47% of lithium, 71% of cobalt, 41% of nickel and 34% of platinum mined in 2019 were under FDI. We then explore how FDI may affect supply risks by proposing a supply risk index that allocates production of the critical materials to the country of origin of investors instead of the country where production is located. We present upper and lower bounds of the supply risk index that reflect scenarios where either all investors or only state investors prioritize the home-country demand, respectively. This study presents an approach for assessing the national supply risks of critical materials, considering the geographical allocation of FDI.

Ämnesord

SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP  -- Ekonomi och näringsliv -- Nationalekonomi (hsv//swe)
SOCIAL SCIENCES  -- Economics and Business -- Economics (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Economics
Nationalekonomi

Publikations- och innehållstyp

ref (ämneskategori)
art (ämneskategori)

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