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Skin stimulation an...
Skin stimulation and recording: Moving towards metal-free electrodes
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- Shaner, Sebastian W. (author)
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg,University of Freiburg
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- Islam, Monsur (author)
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany,Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT),Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
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- Kristoffersen, Morten B. (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Avdelningen för ortopedi,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics,Center for Bionics and Pain Research, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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- Azmi, Raheleh (author)
- Institute of Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany,Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT),Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
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- Heissler, Stefan (author)
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany,Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT),Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
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- Ortiz Catalan, Max Jair, 1982 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Avdelningen för ortopedi,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Orthopaedics,Center for Bionics and Pain Research, Sweden; Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; Operational Area 3, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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- Korvink, Jan G. (author)
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany,Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT),Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
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- Asplund, Maria (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Omvårdnad och medicinsk teknik,Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Luleå tekniska universitet (LTU),Luleå University of Technology (LTU),Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg,University of Freiburg
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier Ltd, 2022
- 2022
- English.
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In: Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2590-1370. ; 11
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- When one thinks about electrodes, especially ones meant for humans, one typically thinks of some kind of metal. Whether on the skin or in the brain, metal electrodes are characteristically expensive, stiff, non-efficient in electron-ion transduction, and prone to toxic metal ion by-products during stimulation. In order to circumvent these disadvantages, electrically-conductive laser-induced graphene (LIG) and mixed electron-ion conducting polymer (poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate – PEDOT:PSS) was leveraged to create a metal-free electrode combination that allows for an economical, soft, and organic electrode for applications on human skin. Compared to clinical-standard silver – silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) skin electrodes, the metal-free hydrogel electrodes show notable improvement in electrochemical stability and prolonged stable potentials during long-term DC stimulation (0.5–24 h). Recording and stimulation performance on human participants rivals that of Ag/AgCl, thus fortifying the notion that they are an appropriate progression to their noble metal counterparts.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Kemi -- Materialkemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Chemical Sciences -- Materials Chemistry (hsv//eng)
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Elektroteknik och elektronik -- Annan elektroteknik och elektronik (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering -- Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Kemi -- Oorganisk kemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Chemical Sciences -- Inorganic Chemistry (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Kemi -- Analytisk kemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Chemical Sciences -- Analytical Chemistry (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Bioelectronics
- Conducting hydrogels
- Direct current stimulation
- Skin electrodes
- Medical Engineering
- Medicinsk teknik
- Bioelectronics; Conducting hydrogels; Direct current stimulation; Skin electrodes
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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