Optimal use of forest residues in Europe under different policies-second generation biofuels versus combined heat and power

• The European Union has set a 10 % target for the share of renewable energy in the transportation sector for 2020. To reach this target, second generation biofuels from, for example, forest residues are expected to replace around 3 % of the transport fossil fuel consumption. However, forest residues could also be utilised in the heat and electricity sectors where large amounts of fossil fuels can be replaced, thus reducing global fossil CO2 emissions. This study investigates the use of forest residues for second generation biofuel (ethanol or methanol) or combined heat and power (CHP) production at the European level, with focus on the influence of different economic policy instruments, such as carbon cost or biofuel policy support. A techno-economic, geographically explicit optimisation model is used. The model determines the optimal locations of bioenergy conversion plants by minimising the cost of the entire supply chain. The results show that in order to reach a 3 % second generation biofuel share, a biofuel support comparable to today's tax exemptions would be needed. With a carbon cost applied, most available forest residues would be allocated to CHP production, with a substantial resulting CO2 emission reduction potential. The major potential for woody biomass and biofuel production is found in the region around the Baltic Sea, with Italy as one of the main biofuel importers.

Subject headings

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Maskinteknik -- Energiteknik (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Mechanical Engineering -- Energy Engineering (hsv//eng)

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Naturresursteknik -- Energisystem (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Environmental Engineering -- Energy Systems (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Bioenergy

Energy policy

Energy system optimisation

Second generation biofuels

Carbon

Carbon dioxide

Cogeneration plants

Costs

Economics

Emission control

Ethanol

Forestry

Fossil fuels

Methanol

Optimization

Power generation

Renewable energy resources

Supply chains

Taxation

A-carbon

Baltic sea

Bio-energy

Bioenergy conversion

Biofuel policies

Biofuel production

Carbon costs

Combined heat and power

Combined heat and power production

Economic policies

Emission reduction potentials

European levels

European union

Forest residue

Heat and electricity

Large amounts

Optimal locations

Optimisation models

Renewable energies

Second generation

Tax exemptions

Techno-economics

Transportation sector

Woody biomass

Biofuels

Supply Chain Management

Energiteknik

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)

art (subject category)