Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals and physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater of Karak District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Groundwater heavy metal pollution is a major concern all around the world. For the assessment of heavy metals and physico-chemical characteristics. groundwater samples were collected from different locations of the Karak District, Pakistan. With the help of the global information system device (GIS), groundwater samples were collected and studied from 47 locations. The present study focused on the water table (WT), water source depth (WSD), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), lead (Pb(II)), silver (Ag(I)), iron (Fe(II)) and chromium (Cr(VI)) parameters. Heavy metals were analyzed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Pearson's matrix of correlation showed relationships between several parameters, such as the EC and the TDS which had close interactions between all the three different groundwater samples (collected by hand pump (HP), bore holes (BH) and tube wells (TW)). The strong correlation was detected in all the sources of water between the TDS and the EC, the regression coefficient (r) of which was 1. In the hierarchical clustering (by dendrograms) the HP samples show two clusters: Cluster 1 contains seven parameters and Cluster 2 has four parameters. The BH samples have two clusters: Cluster 1 contains three parameters and Cluster 2 has eight parameters. The TW dendrogram also shows two clusters: Cluster 1 contains six parameters while Cluster 2 has five parameters.

Naeem, MuhammadAWKUM, Dept Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan. (författare)
Zekker, IvarUniv Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravilal 4a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia. (författare)
Arian, Muhammad BalalUniv Karachi, Dept Chem, Sindh 75270, Pakistan. (författare)
Michalski, GregPurdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. (författare)
Zeeshan, SayedAWKUM, Dept Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan. (författare)
ul Haq, HameedAWKUM, Dept Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan. (författare)
Ikram, MuhammadAWKUM, Dept Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan. (författare)
Khan, AbbasAWKUM, Dept Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan. (författare)
Subhan, FazleAWKUM, Dept Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan. (författare)
Jani, Yahya,1975-Malmö universitet,Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US)(Swepub:mau)al9554 (författare)
Vincevica-Gaile, ZaneUniv Latvia, Dept Environm Sci, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia. (författare)
Zahoor, MuhammadUniv Malakand, Dept Biochem, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan. (författare)
Khan, IdreesBacha Khan Univ, Dept Chem, Khyber Palchtankhwa 24420, Pakistan. (författare)
Shah, Muhammad Ishaq AliAWKUM, Dept Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan. (författare)
AWKUM, Dept Chem, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan.Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravilal 4a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia. (creator_code:org_t)

Ingår i:Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences: Estonian Academy Publishers70:3, s. 297-3061736-60461736-7530

Av författaren/redakt...: Khan, Asif; Naeem, Muhammad; Zekker, Ivar; Arian, Muhammad ...; Michalski, Greg; Zeeshan, Sayed; visa fler...; ul Haq, Hameed; Ikram, Muhammad; Khan, Abbas; Subhan, Fazle; Jani, Yahya, 197 ...; Vincevica-Gaile, ...; Zahoor, Muhammad; Khan, Idrees; Shah, Muhammad I ...; visa färre...

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