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The Physiological Mechanisms of Performance Enhancement with Sprint Interval Training Differ between the Upper and Lower Extremities in Humans
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- Zinner, Christoph (author)
- Mittuniversitetet,Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap,Univ Wurzburg, Dept Sport Sci, Wurzburg, Germany,Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap,University of Wurzburg, Germany; Mid Sweden University, Sweden
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- Morales-Alamo, David (author)
- Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain,University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain; University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
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- Örtenblad, Niels (author)
- Mittuniversitetet,Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap,Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Sports Sci & Clin Biomech, Odense, Denmark,Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap,Mid Sweden University, Sweden; University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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- Larsen, Filip J (author)
- Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan,Karolinska Institutet,Forskningsgruppen Mitokondriell funktion och metabol kontroll,Swedish School Sport and Health Science, Sweden
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- Schiffer, Tomas (author)
- Linköpings universitet,Avdelningen för radiologiska vetenskaper,Medicinska fakulteten
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- Willis, Sarah J. (author)
- Mittuniversitetet,Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap,Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap,Mid Sweden University, Sweden
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- Gelabert-Rebato, Miriam (author)
- Univ British Columbia, Sch Kinesiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada,University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain; University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
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- Perez-Valera, Mario (author)
- Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain,University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain; University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain
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- Boushel, Robert (author)
- Univ British Columbia, Sch Kinesiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada,University of British Columbia, Canada
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- Calbet, Jose A. L. (author)
- Univ British Columbia, Sch Kinesiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain,University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain; University of Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain; University of British Columbia, Canada
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- Holmberg, Hans-Christer (author)
- Mittuniversitetet,Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap,Univ British Columbia, Sch Kinesiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada; UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Sch Sport Sci, Tromso, Norway,Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap,Mid Sweden University, Sweden; University of British Columbia, Canada; UiT Arctic University of Norway, Norway
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2016-09-30
- 2016
- English.
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In: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 7:SEP
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in adaptation of arm and leg muscles to sprint training, over a period of 11 days 16 untrained men performed six sessions of 4-6 x 30-s all-out sprints (SIT) with the legs and arms, separately, with a 1-h interval of recovery. Limb-specific VO(2)peak, sprint performance (two 30-s Wingate tests with 4-min recovery), muscle efficiency and time-trial performance (TT, 5-min all-out) were assessed and biopsies from the m. vastus lateralis and m. triceps brachii taken before and after training. VO(2)peak and Wmax increased 3-11% after training, with a more pronounced change in the arms (P < 0.05). Gross efficiency improved for the arms (+8.8%, P < 0.05), but not the legs (-0.6%). Wingate peak and mean power outputs improved similarly for the arms and legs, as did TT performance. After training, VO2 during the two Wingate tests was increased by 52 and 6% for the arms and legs, respectively (P < 0.001). In the case of the arms, VO2 was higher during the first than second Wingate test (64 vs. 44%, P < 0.05). During the TT, relative exercise intensity, HR, VO2, VCO2, V-E, and V-t were all lower during arm-cranking than leg-pedaling, and oxidation of fat was minimal, remaining so after training. Despite the higher relative intensity, fat oxidation was 70% greater during leg-pedaling (P = 0.017). The aerobic energy contribution in the legs was larger than for the arms during the Wingate tests, although VO2 for the arms was enhanced more by training, reducing the O-2 deficit after SIT. The levels of muscle glycogen, as well as the myosin heavy chain composition were unchanged in both cases, while the activities of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were elevated only in the legs and capillarization enhanced in both limbs. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the variables that predict TT performance differ for the arms and legs. The primary mechanism of adaptation to SIT by both the arms and legs is enhancement of aerobic energy production. However, with their higher proportion of fast muscle fibers, the arms exhibit greater plasticity.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Idrottsvetenskap (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Sport and Fitness Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- high-intensity training
- lower body
- performance
- triceps brachii
- upper body
- Medicin/Teknik
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Zinner, Christop ...
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Morales-Alamo, D ...
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Örtenblad, Niels
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Larsen, Filip J
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Schiffer, Tomas
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Willis, Sarah J.
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Gelabert-Rebato, ...
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Perez-Valera, Ma ...
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Boushel, Robert
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Calbet, Jose A. ...
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Holmberg, Hans-C ...
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- About the subject
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Health Sciences
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Health Sciences
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and Sport and Fitnes ...
- Articles in the publication
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Frontiers in Phy ...
- By the university
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Mid Sweden University
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Luleå University of Technology
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Karolinska Institutet
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The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
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Linköping University