Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors

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Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors

Vuorinen, V. (författare): Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Aarnio, M. (författare): Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling, Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Alava, M. (författare): Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

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Alopaeus, Ville (författare): Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Atanasova, N. (författare): Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling, Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland

Auvinen, M. (författare): Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling, Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Balasubramanian, N. (författare): Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Bordbar, H. (författare): Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Erästö, P. (författare): Department of Information and Service Management, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Grande, R. (författare): Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Hayward, N. (författare): Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Hellsten, A. (författare): Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling, Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Hostikka, S. (författare): Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Hokkanen, J. (författare)

Kaario, O. (författare): Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Karvinen, A. (författare): VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland

Kivistö, I. (författare): VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Finland

Korhonen, M. (författare): Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Kosonen, R. (författare): Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Kuusela, J. (författare): Emergency Department, Mikkeli Central Hospital, The South Savo Social and Health Care Authority, Finland

Lestinen, S. (författare): Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Laurila, E. (författare): Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Nieminen, H. J. (författare): Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Peltonen, P. (författare): Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Pokki, J. (författare): Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Puisto, A. (författare): Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Råback, P. (författare): CSC-IT Center for Science Ltd, Finland

Salmenjoki, H. (författare): Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

Sironen, T. (författare): Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Österberg, M. (författare): Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, AALTO, Finland

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Elsevier BV, 2020
2020
Engelska.
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 130

Relaterad länk:: https://doi.org/10.1...; visa fler...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; https://doi.org/10.1...; visa färre...

Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)

Abstract Ämnesord

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We provide research findings on the physics of aerosol and droplet dispersion relevant to the hypothesized aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the current pandemic. We utilize physics-based modeling at different levels of complexity, along with previous literature on coronaviruses, to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission. The previous literature, our 0D-3D simulations by various physics-based models, and theoretical calculations, indicate that the typical size range of speech and cough originated droplets (d⩽20μm) allows lingering in the air for O(1h) so that they could be inhaled. Consistent with the previous literature, numerical evidence on the rapid drying process of even large droplets, up to sizes O(100μm), into droplet nuclei/aerosols is provided. Based on the literature and the public media sources, we provide evidence that the individuals, who have been tested positive on COVID-19, could have been exposed to aerosols/droplet nuclei by inhaling them in significant numbers e.g. O(100). By 3D scale-resolving computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, we give various examples on the transport and dilution of aerosols (d⩽20μm) over distances O(10m) in generic environments. We study susceptible and infected individuals in generic public places by Monte-Carlo modelling. The developed model takes into account the locally varying aerosol concentration levels which the susceptible accumulate via inhalation. The introduced concept, ’exposure time’ to virus containing aerosols is proposed to complement the traditional ’safety distance’ thinking. We show that the exposure time to inhale O(100) aerosols could range from O(1s) to O(1min) or even to O(1h) depending on the situation. The Monte-Carlo simulations, along with the theory, provide clear quantitative insight to the exposure time in different public indoor environments.

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Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors

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