Flight speeds among bird species: allometric and phylogenetic effects.

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Alerstam, ThomasLund University,Lunds universitet,Evolutionär ekologi,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,MEMEG,Evolutionary ecology,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science (författare)

Flight speeds among bird species : allometric and phylogenetic effects.

Artikel/kapitelEngelska2007

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2007-07-17
Public Library of Science (PLoS),2007
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:nrm-439
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nrm:diva-439URI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050197DOI
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/631204URI

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Språk:engelska
Sammanfattning på:engelska

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Ämneskategori:art swepub-publicationtype

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Flight speed is expected to increase with mass and wing loading among flying animals and aircraft for fundamental aerodynamic reasons. Assuming geometrical and dynamical similarity, cruising flight speed is predicted to vary as (body mass)(1/6) and (wing loading)(1/2) among bird species. To test these scaling rules and the general importance of mass and wing loading for bird flight speeds, we used tracking radar to measure flapping flight speeds of individuals or flocks of migrating birds visually identified to species as well as their altitude and winds at the altitudes where the birds were flying. Equivalent airspeeds (airspeeds corrected to sea level air density, Ue) of 138 species, ranging 0.01-10 kg in mass, were analysed in relation to biometry and phylogeny. Scaling exponents in relation to mass and wing loading were significantly smaller than predicted (about 0.12 and 0.32, respectively, with similar results for analyses based on species and independent phylogenetic contrasts). These low scaling exponents may be the result of evolutionary restrictions on bird flight-speed range, counteracting too slow flight speeds among species with low wing loading and too fast speeds among species with high wing loading. This compression of speed range is partly attained through geometric differences, with aspect ratio showing a positive relationship with body mass and wing loading, but additional factors are required to fully explain the small scaling exponent of Ue in relation to wing loading. Furthermore, mass and wing loading accounted for only a limited proportion of the variation in Ue. Phylogeny was a powerful factor, in combination with wing loading, to account for the variation in Ue. These results demonstrate that functional flight adaptations and constraints associated with different evolutionary lineages have an important influence on cruising flapping flight speed that goes beyond the general aerodynamic scaling effects of mass and wing loading.

Ämnesord och genrebeteckningar

NATURVETENSKAP Biologi Evolutionsbiologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Biological Sciences Evolutionary Biology hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Biologi Ekologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Biological Sciences Ecology hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Biologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Biological Sciences hsv//eng
Livets mångfald
Diversity of life

Biuppslag (personer, institutioner, konferenser, titlar ...)

Rosén, MikaelLund University,Lunds universitet,MEMEG,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science(Swepub:lu)ekol-mro (författare)
Bäckman, JohanLund University,Lunds universitet,Evolutionär ekologi,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,MEMEG,Evolutionary ecology,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science(Swepub:lu)ekol-jba (författare)
Ericson, Per G P,1956-Naturhistoriska riksmuseet,Forskningsavdelningen centralt(Swepub:nrm)pererics (författare)
Hellgren, OlofLund University,Lunds universitet,MEMEG,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science(Swepub:lu)zooe-ohe (författare)
Evolutionär ekologiBiologiska institutionen (creator_code:org_t)

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Ingår i:PLoS biology: Public Library of Science (PLoS)5:8, s. e197-1544-91731545-7885

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Av författaren/redakt...: Alerstam, Thomas; Rosén, Mikael; Bäckman, Johan; Ericson, Per G P ...; Hellgren, Olof

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NATURVETENSKAP: NATURVETENSKAP; och Biologi; och Evolutionsbiolog ...

NATURVETENSKAP: NATURVETENSKAP; och Biologi; och Ekologi

NATURVETENSKAP: NATURVETENSKAP; och Biologi

Artiklar i publikationen: PLoS biology

Av lärosätet: Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; Lunds universitet

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