Niche evolution in a northern temperate tree lineage: biogeographical legacies in cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris)

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MARC

Denk, ThomasNaturhistoriska riksmuseet,Enheten för paleobiologi,Department of Palaeobiology Swedish Museum of Natural History Box 50007 10405 Stockholm Sweden (author)

Niche evolution in a northern temperate tree lineage: biogeographical legacies in cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris)

Article/chapterEnglish2023

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2023-02-09
Oxford University Press,2023
electronicrdacarrier

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:nrm-5477
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nrm:diva-5477URI
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18743DOI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

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Background and Aims: Cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris) comprise 15 extant species in Eurasia. Despite being a small clade, they display a range of leaf morphologies comparable to the largest sections (>100 spp.) in Quercus. Their fossil record extends back to the Eocene. Here, we explore how cork oaks achieved their modern ranges and how legacy effects might explain niche evolution in modern species of section Cerris and its sister section Ilex, the holly oaks.Methods: We inferred a dated phylogeny for cork and holly oaks using a reduced-representation next-generation sequencing method, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and used D-statistics to investigate gene flow hypotheses. We estimated divergence times using a fossilized birth–death model calibrated with 47 fossils. We used Köppen profiles, selected bioclimatic parameters and forest biomes occupied by modern species toinfer ancestral climatic and biotic niches.Key Results: East Asian and Western Eurasian cork oaks diverged initially in the Eocene. Subsequently, four Western Eurasian lineages (subsections) differentiated during the Oligocene and Miocene. Evolution of leaf size, form and texture was correlated, in part, with multiple transitions from ancestral humid temperate climates to mediterranean, arid and continental climates. Distantly related but ecologically similar species converged on similar leaf traits in the process.Conclusions: Originating in temperate (frost-free) biomes, Eocene to Oligocene ranges of the primarily deciduous cork oaks were restricted to higher latitudes (Siberia to north of Paratethys). Members of the evergreen holly oaks (section Ilex) also originated in temperate biomes but migrated southwards and south-westwards into then-(sub)tropical southern China and south-eastern Tibet during the Eocene, then westwards along existing pre-Himalayan mountain ranges. Divergent biogeographical histories and deep-time phylogenetic legacies (in cold and drought tolerance, nutrient storage and fire resistance) thus account for the modern species mosaic of Western Eurasian oak communities, which are composed of oaks belonging to four sections.

Subject headings and genre

NATURVETENSKAP Biologi Evolutionsbiologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Biological Sciences Evolutionary Biology hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Biologi Botanik hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Biological Sciences Botany hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences hsv//eng
Quercus
next-generation sequencing
fossilized birth–death model
fossil
niche evolution
biogeography
leaf lifespan
Ecosystems and species history
Ekosystem och arthistoria
Diversity of life
Livets mångfald
The changing Earth
Den föränderliga jorden

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Grimm, Guido WUnaffiliated , 45100 Orléans , France (author)
Hipp, Andrew LThe Morton Arboretum , Lisle, IL 60532-1293 , USA (author)
Bouchal, Johannes MDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna , 1030 Vienna , Austria (author)
Schulze, Ernst-DetlefMax-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry , 07701 Jena , Germany (author)
Simeone, Marco CDepartment of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia , 01100 Viterbo , Italy (author)
Naturhistoriska riksmuseetEnheten för paleobiologi (creator_code:org_t)

Related titles

In:Annals of Botany: Oxford University Press238:6, s. 2668-26840305-73641095-8290
In:New Phytologist: Oxford University Press238:6, s. 2668-26840028-646X1469-8137

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By the author/editor: Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W; Hipp, Andrew L; Bouchal, Johanne ...; Schulze, Ernst-D ...; Simeone, Marco C

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NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Evolutionary Bio ...

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Botany

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