Emission factors for PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCB from open burning of biomass

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Black, R. R.National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Australia (författare)

Emission factors for PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCB from open burning of biomass

Artikel/kapitelEngelska2012

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Elsevier,2012
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:oru-47618
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-47618URI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.003DOI

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Språk:engelska
Sammanfattning på:engelska

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Funding Agencies:United Nations Environment ProgrammeSecretariat of the Stockholm ConventionU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyCSIROUniversity of QueenslandUNEP/Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, Chemicals BranchAustralian Research Council DP0557638
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants includes in its aims the minimisation of unintentional releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) and dioxin like PCB (dl-PCB) to the environment Development and implementation of policies to achieve this aim require accurate national inventories of releases of PCDD/PCDF/dl-PCB. To support this objective, the Conference of Parties established a process to review and update the UNEP Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases. An assessment of all emission inventories was that for many countries open burning of biomass and waste was identified as the major source of PCDD/PCDF releases. However, the experimental data underpinning the release estimates used were limited in number and, consequently, confidence in the accuracy of the emissions predictions was low. There has been significant progress in measurement technology since the last edition of the Toolkit in 2005. In this paper we reassess published emission factors for release of PCDD/PCDF and dl-PCB to land and air.In total, four types of biomass and 111 emission factors were assessed. It was found that there are no systematic differences in emission factors apparent between biomass types or fire classes. The data set is best described by a lognormal distribution. The geometric mean emission factors (EFs) for releases of PCDD/PCDF to air for the four biomass classes used in the Toolkit (sugarcane, cereal crops, forest and savannah/grass) are 1.6 mu g TEQ(t fuel)(-1), 0.49 mu g TEQ(t fuel)(-1), 1.0 mu g TEQ(t fuel)(-1) and 0.4 mu g TEQ(t fuel)(-1), respectively. Corresponding EFs for release of PCDD/PCDF to land are 3.0 ng TEQ (kg ash)(-1), 1.1 ng TEQ (kg ash)(-1), 1.1 ng TEQ (kg ash)(-1) and 0.67 ng TEQ (kg ash)(-1). There are now also sufficient published data available to evaluate EFs for dl-PCB release to air for sugarcane, forest and grass/savannah; these are 0.03 mu g TEQ (t fuel)(-1), 0.09 mu g TEQ (t fuel)(-1) and 0.01 mu g TEQ (t fuel)(-1), respectively. The average EF for dl-PCB release to land is 0.19 ng TEQ (kg ash)(-1). Application of these EFs to national emissions of PCDD/PCDF for global estimates from open burning will lower previous estimates of PCDD/PCDF releases to air and to land by 85% and 90%, respectively. For some countries, the ranking of their major sources will be changed and open burning of biomass will become less significant than previously concluded.

Ämnesord och genrebeteckningar

NATURVETENSKAP Kemi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Chemical Sciences hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Miljövetenskap hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences hsv//eng
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans; Persistent organic pollutants; Sugarcane burning; Forest fires; Biomass burning
Chemistry
Kemi
Enviromental Science
Miljövetenskap

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Meyer, C. P. (Mick)CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Australia (författare)
Touati, A.ARCADIS Geraghty and Miller Inc, Research Triangle Park NC, USA (författare)
Gullett, B. K.National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environment Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park NC, USA (författare)
Fiedler, Heidelore,1953-UNEP Chemicals Branch, Châtelaine GE, Switzerland(Swepub:oru)hefr (författare)
Mueller, J. F.National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Australia (författare)
National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, AustraliaCSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Australia (creator_code:org_t)

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Ingår i:Environment International: Elsevier38:1, s. 62-660160-41201873-6750

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Av författaren/redakt...: Black, R. R.; Meyer, C. P. (Mi ...; Touati, A.; Gullett, B. K.; Fiedler, Heidelo ...; Mueller, J. F.

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