Silicon nitride colloidal probe measurements: Interparticle forces and the role of surface-segment interactions in poly(acrylic acid) adsorption from aqueous solution

• Direct measurements of forces between silicon nitride surfaces in the presence or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are presented. The force-distance curves were obtained at pH > pH(iep) with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloidal-probe technique using a novel spherical silicon nitride probe attached to the AFM cantilever. We found that PAA adsorbs onto the negatively charged silicon nitride surface, which results in an increased repulsive surface potential. The steric contribution to the interparticle repulsion is small and the layer conformation remains flat even at high surface potentials or high ionic strength. The general features of the stabilization of ceramic powders with PAA are discussed; we suggest that PAA adsorbs onto silicon nitride by sequential adsorption of neighboring segments ("zipping"), which results in a flat conformation. In contrast, the long-range steric force found in the ZrO2/PAA system at pH > pH(iep) arises because the stretched equilibrium bulk conformation of the highly charged polymer is preserved via the formation of strong, irreversible surface-segment bonds on adsorption.

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