Pulping and Pretreatment Affect the Characteristics of Bagasse Inks for Three-dimensional Printing

• Bagasse is an underutilized agro-industrial residue with great potential as raw material for the production of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) for a range of applications. In this study, we have assessed the suitability of bagasse for production of CNF for three-dimensional (3D) printing. First, pulp fibers were obtained from the bagasse raw material using two fractionation methods, i.e. soda and hydrothermal treatment combined with soda. Second, the pulp fibers were pretreated by TEMPO-mediated oxidation using two levels of oxidation for comparison purposes. Finally, the CNF were characterized in detail and assessed as inks for 3D printing. The results show that CNF produced from fibers obtained by hydrothermal and soda pulping were less nanofibrillated than the corresponding material produced by soda pulping. However, the CNF sample obtained from soda pulp was cytotoxic, apparently due to a larger content of silica particles. All the CNF materials were 3D printable. We conclude that the noncytotoxic CNF produced from hydrothermally and soda treated pulp can potentially be used as inks for 3D printing of biomedical devices. 

Nyckelord

3D printing

Biomedical devices

Characterization

Chemical modification

Nanocellulose

Bagasse

Cellulose

Silica

3-D printing

Agro-industrial residue

Cellulose nanofibrils

Fractionation methods

Hydrothermal treatments

TEMPO-mediated oxidation

Three-dimensional (3D) printing

3D printers

Chemical Treatment

Printing

Three Dimensional Design

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