Model scale tunnel fire tests with automatic sprinkler

This project was sponsored by the Swedish Fire Research Board (BRANDFORSK) and the SP Tunnel and Underground Safety Centre which are greatly acknowledged. The technicians Sven-Gunnar Gustafsson, Tarmo Karjalainen and Michael Magnusson at SP Fire Technology are acknowledged for the construction of the test rig and the assistance during performance of the tests. Thanks also to Jonatan Gehandler and Hans Nyman for their help during the tests.
Abstract The study focuses on the performance of an automatic sprinkler system in a model scale tunnel with longitudinal ventilation. A total of 28 tests were carried out in a 1:15 model scale tunnel using an automatic sprinkler system with glass bulbs. The maximum heat release rate, energy content and failure of the automatic sprinkler system were analysed. The results show that high ventilation rates and low water flow rates result in a failure of the automatic sprinkler system in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel fire. The main reason for the failure under the tested water flow rates was the effect of the longitudinal flow on the fire development and the hot gas flow close to the sprinklers. The fire development and the activation heat release rate of the first activated bulb are intimately related to the ventilation velocity. The fire spread to the neighbouring wood crib was investigated and a presentation of tests conducted using a deluge system are given.

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