On the relationship between similar requirements and similar software: A case study in the railway domain

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Abbas, MuhammadRISE,Industriella system,Smart Industrial Automation,RISE Res Inst Sweden, Västerås, Sweden (författare)

On the relationship between similar requirements and similar software : A case study in the railway domain

Artikel/kapitelEngelska2023

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2022-01-18
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH,2023
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Nummerbeteckningar

LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:ri-58532
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-58532URI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-021-00370-4DOI
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-57193URI

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Språk:engelska
Sammanfattning på:engelska

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Funding text 1: This work has been supported by and received funding from the ITEA3 XIVT, and KK Foundation’s ARRAY project.
Recommender systems for requirements are typically built on the assumption that similar requirements can be used as proxies to retrieve similar software. When a stakeholder proposes a new requirement, natural language processing (NLP)-based similarity metrics can be exploited to retrieve existing requirements, and in turn, identify previously developed code. Several NLP approaches for similarity computation between requirements are available. However, there is little empirical evidence on their effectiveness for code retrieval. This study compares different NLP approaches, from lexical ones to semantic, deep-learning techniques, and correlates the similarity among requirements with the similarity of their associated software. The evaluation is conducted on real-world requirements from two industrial projects from a railway company. Specifically, the most similar pairs of requirements across two industrial projects are automatically identified using six language models. Then, the trace links between requirements and software are used to identify the software pairs associated with each requirements pair. The software similarity between pairs is then automatically computed with JPLag. Finally, the correlation between requirements similarity and software similarity is evaluated to see which language model shows the highest correlation and is thus more appropriate for code retrieval. In addition, we perform a focus group with members of the company to collect qualitative data. Results show a moderately positive correlation between requirements similarity and software similarity, with the pre-trained deep learning-based BERT language model with preprocessing outperforming the other models. Practitioners confirm that requirements similarity is generally regarded as a proxy for software similarity. However, they also highlight that additional aspect comes into play when deciding software reuse, e.g., domain/project knowledge, information coming from test cases, and trace links. Our work is among the first ones to explore the relationship between requirements and software similarity from a quantitative and qualitative standpoint. This can be useful not only in recommender systems but also in other requirements engineering tasks in which similarity computation is relevant, such as tracing and change impact analysis.

Ämnesord och genrebeteckningar

NATURVETENSKAP Data- och informationsvetenskap Datavetenskap hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Computer and Information Sciences Computer Sciences hsv//eng
TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER Elektroteknik och elektronik Datorsystem hsv//swe
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Computer Systems hsv//eng
Correlation
Language models
Perception of similarity
Requirements similarity
Software similarity
Codes (symbols)
Computer software reusability
Deep learning
Railroads
Recommender systems
Semantics
Software testing
Case-studies
Code retrievals
Industrial programs
Language model
Processing approach
Requirement similarities
Similarity computation
Software similarities
Natural language processing systems

Biuppslag (personer, institutioner, konferenser, titlar ...)

Ferrari, AlessioCNR ISTI, Pisa, Italy (författare)
Shatnawi, AnasBerger Levrault, Montpellier, France (författare)
Enoiu, Eduard Paul,PhDMälardalens universitet,Inbyggda system(Swepub:mdh)epu01 (författare)
Saadatmand, Mehrdad,1980-RISE,Industriella system,RISE Res Inst Sweden, Västerås, Sweden(Swepub:mdh)msd03 (författare)
Sundmark, DanielMälardalens universitet,Inbyggda system(Swepub:mdh)dsk01 (författare)
RISEIndustriella system (creator_code:org_t)

Sammanhörande titlar

Ingår i:Requirements Engineering: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH28, s. 23-470947-36021432-010X

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Requirements Engineering (Sök värdpublikationen i LIBRIS)

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Av författaren/redakt...: Abbas, Muhammad; Ferrari, Alessio; Shatnawi, Anas; Enoiu, Eduard Pa ...; Saadatmand, Mehr ...; Sundmark, Daniel

Om ämnet

NATURVETENSKAP: NATURVETENSKAP; och Data och informa ...; och Datavetenskap

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER: TEKNIK OCH TEKNO ...; och Elektroteknik oc ...; och Datorsystem

Artiklar i publikationen: Requirements Eng ...

Av lärosätet: RISE; Mälardalens universitet

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