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COSPAR Sample Safet...
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Kminek, GEuropean Space Agency, Norway
(författare)
COSPAR Sample Safety Assessment Framework (SSAF)
- Artikel/kapitelEngelska2022
Förlag, utgivningsår, omfång ...
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Mary Ann Liebert Inc.2022
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printrdacarrier
Nummerbeteckningar
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:ri-59844
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https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-59844URI
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https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2022.0017DOI
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Språk:engelska
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Sammanfattning på:engelska
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Ämneskategori:ref swepub-contenttype
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Ämneskategori:art swepub-publicationtype
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Funding details: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA; Funding details: UK Research and Innovation, UKRI; Funding details: European Space Agency, ESA; Funding details: Swedish National Space Agency, SNSA; Funding details: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR; Funding details: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA; Funding text 1: We thank COSPAR, NASA, ESA, JAXA, DLR, the Swedish National Space Agency and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) for financial support.
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The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Sample Safety Assessment Framework (SSAF) has been developed by a COSPAR appointed Working Group. The objective of the sample safety assessment would be to evaluate whether samples returned from Mars could be harmful for Earth's systems (e.g., environment, biosphere, geochemical cycles). During the Working Group's deliberations, it became clear that a comprehensive assessment to predict the effects of introducing life in new environments or ecologies is difficult and practically impossible, even for terrestrial life and certainly more so for unknown extraterrestrial life. To manage expectations, the scope of the SSAF was adjusted to evaluate only whether the presence of martian life can be excluded in samples returned from Mars. If the presence of martian life cannot be excluded, a Hold & Critical Review must be established to evaluate the risk management measures and decide on the next steps. The SSAF starts from a positive hypothesis (there is martian life in the samples), which is complementary to the null-hypothesis (there is no martian life in the samples) typically used for science. Testing the positive hypothesis includes four elements: (1) Bayesian statistics, (2) subsampling strategy, (3) test sequence, and (4) decision criteria. The test sequence capability covers self-replicating and non-self-replicating biology and biologically active molecules. Most of the investigations associated with the SSAF would need to be carried out within biological containment. The SSAF is described in sufficient detail to support planning activities for a Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) and for preparing science announcements, while at the same time acknowledging that further work is required before a detailed Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP) can be developed. The three major open issues to be addressed to optimize and implement the SSAF are (1) setting a value for the level of assurance to effectively exclude the presence of martian life in the samples, (2) carrying out an analogue test program, and (3) acquiring relevant contamination knowledge from all Mars Sample Return (MSR) flight and ground elements. Although the SSAF was developed specifically for assessing samples from Mars in the context of the currently planned NASA-ESA MSR Campaign, this framework and the basic safety approach are applicable to any other Mars sample return mission concept, with minor adjustments in the execution part related to the specific nature of the samples to be returned. The SSAF is also considered a sound basis for other COSPAR Planetary Protection Category V, restricted Earth return missions beyond Mars. It is anticipated that the SSAF will be subject to future review by the various MSR stakeholders. © Gerhard Kminek et al., 2022;
Ämnesord och genrebeteckningar
Biuppslag (personer, institutioner, konferenser, titlar ...)
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Benardini, J. N.NASA, USA
(författare)
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Brenker, F. E.Goethe University, Germany
(författare)
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Brooks, T.UK Health Security Agency, UK
(författare)
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Burton, A. S.NASA, USA
(författare)
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Dhaniyala, S.Clarkson University, USA
(författare)
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Dworkin, J. P.NASA, USA
(författare)
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Fortman, J. L.Engineering Biology Research Consortium, USA
(författare)
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Glamoclija, M.Rutgers University, USA
(författare)
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Grady, M. M.The Open University, UK
(författare)
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Graham, H. V.NASA, USA
(författare)
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Haruyama, J.Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan
(författare)
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Kieft, T. L.New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, USA
(författare)
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Koopmans, M.Erasmus University Medical Centre, Netherlands
(författare)
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McCubbin, F. M.NASA, USA
(författare)
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Meyer, M. A.NASA, USA
(författare)
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Mustin, C.Centre National d'Études Spatiales, France
(författare)
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Onstott, T. C.Princeton University, USA
(författare)
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Pearce, N.London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
(författare)
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Pratt, L. M.Indiana University Bloomington, USA
(författare)
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Sephton, M. A.Imperial College London, United Kingdom
(författare)
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Siljeström, SandraRISE,Metodik för produktframtagning(Swepub:ri)SandraSi@ri.se
(författare)
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Sugahara, H.Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan
(författare)
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Suzuki, S.University of Tokyo, Japan
(författare)
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Suzuki, Y.University of Tokyo, Japan
(författare)
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Van Zuilen, M.Université de Paris, France; European Institute for Marine Studies, France
(författare)
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Viso, M.Conseiller Scientifique, France
(författare)
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European Space Agency, NorwayNASA, USA
(creator_code:org_t)
Sammanhörande titlar
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Ingår i:Astrobiology: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.22:S1, s. S186-S2161531-10741557-8070
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- Av författaren/redakt...
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Kminek, G
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Benardini, J. N.
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Brenker, F. E.
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Brooks, T.
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Burton, A. S.
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Dhaniyala, S.
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visa fler...
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Dworkin, J. P.
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Fortman, J. L.
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Glamoclija, M.
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Grady, M. M.
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Graham, H. V.
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Haruyama, J.
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Kieft, T. L.
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Koopmans, M.
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McCubbin, F. M.
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Meyer, M. A.
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Mustin, C.
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Onstott, T. C.
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Pearce, N.
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Pratt, L. M.
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Sephton, M. A.
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Siljeström, Sand ...
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Sugahara, H.
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Suzuki, S.
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Suzuki, Y.
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Van Zuilen, M.
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Viso, M.
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