Amplification of Arctic warming by past air pollution reductions in Europe

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Acosta Navarro, Juan CamiloStockholms universitet,Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi,Stockholm University, Sweden (author)

Amplification of Arctic warming by past air pollution reductions in Europe

Article/chapterEnglish2016

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Nature Publishing Group,2016
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:su-130127
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130127URI
https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2673DOI
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127562URI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

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Funding Agencies|Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC; Nordic Centre of Excellence eSTICC; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency project SCAC; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency project CLEO; Norwegian Research Council projects EVA [229771]; Norwegian Research Council project NOTUR [nn2345k]; European FP7 Integrated project PEGASOS [265148]; European FP7 Integrated project ACCESS; European Research Council Grant ATMOGAIN [278277]; Swedish National Supercomputing Centre and NordStore [ns2345k]
The Arctic region is warming considerably faster than the rest of the globe(1), with important consequences for the ecosystems(2) and human exploration of the region(3). However, the reasons behind this Arctic amplification are not entirely clear(4). As a result of measures to enhance air quality, anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter and its precursors have drastically decreased in parts of the Northern Hemisphere over the past three decades(5). Here we present simulations with an Earth system model with comprehensive aerosol physics and chemistry that show that the sulfate aerosol reductions in Europe since 1980 can potentially explain a significant fraction of Arctic warming over that period. Specifically, the Arctic region receives an additional 0.3Wm(-2) of energy, and warms by 0.5 degrees C on annual average in simulations with declining European sulfur emissions in line with historical observations, compared with a model simulation with fixed European emissions at 1980 levels. Arctic warming is amplified mainly in fall and winter, but the warming is initiated in summer by an increase in incoming solar radiation as well as an enhanced poleward oceanic and atmospheric heat transport. The simulated summertime energy surplus reduces sea-ice cover, which leads to a transfer of heat from the Arctic Ocean to the atmosphere. We conclude that air quality regulations in the Northern Hemisphere, the ocean and atmospheric circulation, and Arctic climate are inherently linked.

Subject headings and genre

NATURVETENSKAP Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Earth and Related Environmental Sciences hsv//eng
Applied Environmental Science
tillämpad miljövetenskap

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Varma, VidyaStockholms universitet,Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU),Stockholm University, Sweden (author)
Riipinen, IrinaStockholms universitet,Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi,Stockholm University, Sweden(Swepub:su)iriip (author)
Seland, O.Norwegian Meteorol Institute, Norway (author)
Kirkevag, A.Norwegian Meteorol Institute, Norway (author)
Struthers, HamishLinköpings universitet,Stockholms universitet,Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi,Linköping University, Sweden,Nationellt superdatorcentrum (NSC),Stockholm University, Sweden(Swepub:liu)hamst53 (author)
Iversen, T.Norwegian Meteorol Institute, Norway (author)
Hansson, Hans-ChristenStockholms universitet,Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi,Stockholm University, Sweden; Stockholm University, Sweden(Swepub:su)hhans (author)
Ekman, Annica M. L.Stockholms universitet,Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU),Stockholm University, Sweden(Swepub:su)aekma (author)
Stockholms universitetInstitutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Nature Geoscience: Nature Publishing Group9:4, s. 277-+1752-08941752-0908

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