Effects of the Higgs field on Inflation and Reheating.

• The model of inflation - a period of accelerated expansion in the very early Universe - was introduced to give solutions to a number of problems encountered in the Standard Big Bang paradigm. Additionally, due to its quantum nature, inflation is able to generate the necessary primordial inhomogeneity “seeds”, which eventually evolve into large-scale structures. The particular primordial inhomogeneities are imprinted on the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) as very small deviations (temperature fluctuations) from a perfect blackbody spectrum. If the Standard Model (SM) Higgs is a light spectator field during inflation, it can, also, acquire quantum fluctuations and seed additional, potentially observable, fluctuations. This takes place via an effective breaking of electroweak symmetry at very high energy scales, which results in the reheating process being different in different regions of the Universe. We develop methods for calculating the amplitude, as well as the non-Gaussianity, of such Higgs-induced temperature fluctuations in the CMB. In the case of reheating via resonant inflaton decays to Abelian gauge bosons, we show that the amplitude of the Higgs-induced temperature fluctuations always exceeds the observed value and that, therefore, such decays cannot be the main reheating channel. In the case of reheating via perturbative inflaton decays to SM fermions, we place strong constraints on the relevant SM parameters, using the amplitude of the Higgs temperature fluctuations. By additionally using the associated non-Gaussianity, we are able to strengthen the particular constraints even further. Having made a connection between cosmological observations and SM parameters, such as the Higgs self-coupling, we suggest a way to probe the SM Higgs potential at very high energy scales and constrain New Physics.

Ämnesord

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Fysik -- Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Physical Sciences -- Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

inflation

reheating

Higgs

non-gaussianity

cosmological perturbations

Theoretical Physics

teoretisk fysik

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