State-Independent Quantum Contextuality with Single Photons

• Wepresent an experimental state-independent violation of an inequality for noncontextualtheories on single particles. We show that 20 different single-photonstates violate an inequality which involves correlations between results ofsequential compatible measurements by at least 419 standard deviations. Ourresults show that, for any physical system, even for asingle system, and independent of its state, there is auniversal set of tests whose results do not admit anoncontextual interpretation. This sheds new light on the role ofquantum mechanics in quantum information processing.

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