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  • Guédron, S.Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, Grenoble, France; Laboratorio de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, casilla 3161, La Paz, Bolivia (author)

Reconstructing two millennia of copper and silver metallurgy in the Lake Titicaca region (Bolivia/Peru) using trace metals and lead isotopic composition

  • Article/chapterEnglish2021

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • Elsevier,2021
  • printrdacarrier

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  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:umu-182360
  • https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182360URI
  • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2021.100288DOI

Supplementary language notes

  • Language:English
  • Summary in:English

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  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

Notes

  • Copper, silver, and gold exploitation has been a foundation of economic and socio-cultural development of Andean societies, at least for the last three millennia. The main centers of pre-colonial metallurgy are well-known from archeological artifacts, but temporal gaps inherent in this record handicap a finer understanding of the modalities of ore exploitation by succeeding civilizations. A continuous record over time of trace metals emitted during ore smelting operations make lake sediments excellent candidates to fill those gaps. Two millennia of metallurgy were reconstructed from atmospherically derived metals together with lead (Pb) isotope ratios in two dated sediment cores from Lake Titicaca. The first evidence for metallurgy is found during the apogee of the Tiwanaku state (AD 800–1150), with a higher copper (Cu) accumulation that can be attributed to the smelting of local Cu ores, based on Pb isotopic fingerprinting. During the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1150–1450), recorded peaks in metal deposition that persisted for ∼ twenty years show that mining activities were intensive but discontinuous. Pb isotope ratios suggest diversified extractive activities, mainly located in the southern part of the central Altiplano. Finally, the most intense mining epoch began during the Inca Empire (ca. AD 1500) and lasted until the end of the Colonial Period (AD 1830), with unprecedented metal deposition over this interval. Pb isotope fingerprinting shows that mining operations occurred mainly in the Lake Titicaca and Potosi areas and were responsible for metal emissions recorded in the entire Altiplano, as evidenced by other studies.

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  • Tolu, J.Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, Switzerland (author)
  • Delaere, C.Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology (OCMA), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Centre de Recherches en Archéologie et Patrimoine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium (author)
  • Sabatier, P.Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, Chambéry, France (author)
  • Barre, J.Univ. de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau, France (author)
  • Heredia, C.Laboratorio de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, casilla 3161, La Paz, Bolivia (author)
  • Brisset, E.Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, Grenoble, France; Laboratorio de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, casilla 3161, La Paz, Bolivia; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Aix-en-Provence, France (author)
  • Campillo, S.Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, Grenoble, France (author)
  • Bindler, Richard,1963-Umeå universitet,Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap(Swepub:umu)ribi0001 (author)
  • Fritz, S.C.Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, NE, Lincoln, United States (author)
  • Baker, P.A.Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, NC, Durham, United States (author)
  • Amouroux, D.Univ. de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau, France (author)
  • Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, Grenoble, France; Laboratorio de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Campus Universitario de Cota Cota, casilla 3161, La Paz, BoliviaEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, Switzerland (creator_code:org_t)

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