Use of alcohol, drugs, inhalants, and smoking tobacco and the long-term risk of depression in men: A nationwide Swedish cohort study from 1969–2017

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Gentile, AmbraSport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (author)

Use of alcohol, drugs, inhalants, and smoking tobacco and the long-term risk of depression in men : A nationwide Swedish cohort study from 1969–2017

Article/chapterEnglish2021

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Elsevier,2021
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:DiVA.org:umu-186330
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186330URI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108553DOI

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Language:English
Summary in:English

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

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Background: The use of alcohol, drugs, inhalants, and smoking tobacco may lead to mood disorders such as depression. However, knowledge on the independent contributions of the use of these substances to the risk of depression is lacking.Methods: The study cohort consisted of 24,564 men included in the Swedish national military conscription register who were conscripted in 1969–1970 and followed until 2017. Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to estimate the risk of depression according to alcohol, drug, inhalant, and cigarette consumption, and adjusted for body mass index, verbal comprehension test scores, handgrip strength, and the other main exposures investigated.Results: During an average follow-up period of 44 years, 4500 men were diagnosed with or treated for depression at a mean age of 54 years. A dose-dependent association was found in men who smoked cigarettes, with the highest risk for smoking >20 cigarettes per day, at time of conscription (aHR 1.86, 95 % CI 1.61–2.16, p < 0.001). Independent associations with an increased risk of depression were found for the use of drugs at least once (aHR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.10–1.32, p < 0.001) and >50 times (aHR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.23–1.77, p < 0.001) and the use of inhalants (aHR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.05–1.29). Excessive alcohol intake was not associated with the risk of depression.Conclusion: The results suggest that people who reported to have used cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs at 18 years of age have a moderately increased risk of depression later in life.

Subject headings and genre

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Hälsovetenskap Beroendelära hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Health Sciences Substance Abuse hsv//eng
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Hälsovetenskap Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Health Sciences Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology hsv//eng
Alcohol disorder
Depression
Drug abuse
Smoking

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

Bianco, AntoninoSport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy (author)
Nordström, AnnaUmeå universitet,Avdelningen för hållbar hälsa,School of Sports Science, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway(Swepub:umu)anagun97 (author)
Nordström, PeterUmeå universitet,Geriatrik(Swepub:umu)peno0014 (author)
Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyAvdelningen för hållbar hälsa (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Drug And Alcohol Dependence: Elsevier2210376-87161879-0046

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By the author/editor: Gentile, Ambra; Bianco, Antonino; Nordström, Anna; Nordström, Peter

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MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Health Sciences; and Substance Abuse

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By the university: Umeå University

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