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Cognitive dysfuncti...
Cognitive dysfunction in post-COVID-19 condition : mechanisms, management, and rehabilitation
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- Möller, Marika (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Borg, Kristian (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Janson, Christer (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Lung- allergi- och sömnforskning,Uppsala Univ, Sweden
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- Lerm, Maria (author)
- Linköpings universitet,Avdelningen för inflammation och infektion,Medicinska fakulteten
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- Normark, Johan (author)
- Umeå universitet,Institutionen för klinisk mikrobiologi,Umea Univ, Sweden
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- Niward, Katarina (author)
- Linköpings universitet,Avdelningen för inflammation och infektion,Medicinska fakulteten,Region Östergötland, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland
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(creator_code:org_t)
- John Wiley & Sons, 2023
- 2023
- English.
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 294:5, s. 563-581
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- The long-term effects of COVID-19 on cognitive function have become an area of increasing concern. This paper provides an overview of characteristics, risk factors, possible mechanisms, and management strategies for cognitive dysfunction in post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Prolonged cognitive dysfunction is one of the most common impairments in PCC, affecting between 17% and 28% of the individuals more than 12 weeks after the infection and persisting in some cases for several years. Cognitive dysfunctions can be manifested as a wide range of symptoms including memory impairment, attention deficit, executive dysfunction, and reduced processing speed. Risk factors for developing PCC, with or without cognitive impairments, include advanced age, preexisting medical conditions, and the severity of acute illness. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, but proposed contributors include neuroinflammation, hypoxia, vascular damage, and latent virus reactivation not excluding the possibility of direct viral invasion of the central nervous system, illustrating complex viral pathology. As the individual variation of the cognitive impairments is large, a neuropsychological examination and a person-centered multidimensional approach are required. According to the World Health Organization, limited evidence on COVID-19-related cognitive impairments necessitates implementing rehabilitation interventions from established practices of similar conditions. Psychoeducation and compensatory skills training are recommended. Assistive products and environmental modifications adapted to individual needs might be helpful. In specific attention- and working memory dysfunctions, cognitive training—carefully monitored for intensity—might be effective for people who do not suffer from post-exertional malaise. Further research is crucial for evidence-based interventions specific to COVID-19-related cognitive impairments.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Allmänmedicin (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- General Practice (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Lungmedicin och allergi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Respiratory Medicine and Allergy (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Annan medicin och hälsovetenskap -- Gerontologi, medicinsk/hälsovetenskaplig inriktning (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Other Medical and Health Sciences -- Gerontology, specialising in Medical and Health Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- cognition
- fatigue
- long-haul COVID
- post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- for (subject category)
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