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Regulation of TGF-β...
Regulation of TGF-β Signaling by Post-Translational Modifications
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- Lönn, Peter, 1980- (författare)
- Uppsala universitet,Ludwiginstitutet för cancerforskning
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- Moustakas, Aristidis, Dr. (preses)
- Uppsala universitet,Ludwiginstitutet för cancerforskning
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- Heldin, Carl-Henrik, Professor (preses)
- Uppsala universitet,Ludwiginstitutet för cancerforskning
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- Knaus, Petra, Professor (opponent)
- Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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(creator_code:org_t)
- ISBN 9789155478445
- Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2010
- Engelska 59 s.
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Serie: Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, 1651-6206 ; 577
- Relaterad länk:
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https://uu.diva-port... (primary) (Raw object)
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is initiated when the ligand binds to type II and type I serine/threonine kinase receptors at the cell surface. Activated TGF-β type I receptors phosphorylate R-Smads which relocate, together with co-Smads, to the cell nucleus and regulate transcription. Enhancement or repression of Smad-specific gene targets leads to intracellular protein compositions which organize functional complexes and thus govern cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and differentiation. TGF-β/Smad signaling relays are regulated by various post-translational modifications. From receptors to gene promoters, intricate interplays between phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and numerous other modifications, control Smad signaling initiation and duration. However, many steps in the cascade, including receptor internalization, Smad nuclear shuttling and transcriptional termination, still remain elusive. The open gaps in our understanding of these mechanisms most likely involve additional post-translational regulations. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to identify novel modulators of TGF-β/Smad signaling. In the first part of this thesis, we show the importance of ADP-ribosylation in Smad-mediated transcription. We identified poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) as a Smad interacting protein. Our work revealed that PARP-1 forms direct interactions with Smad3/4, and PARylates residues in their MH1 domains. This modification restricts Smads from binding to DNA and attenuates Smad-activated transcription. PARylation is reversed by the glycohydrolase PARG. We provide evidence that PARG can de-ADP-ribosylate Smads, which enhances Smad-promoted gene regulation. In the second part, we examine a Smad-dependent gene target of TGF-β signaling, salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK). After induction, SIK cooperates with Smad7 and Smurf2 to downregulate the TGF-β type I receptor. The mechanism relies on both the kinase and UBA domain of SIK as well as the E3-ligase activity of Smurf2. In summary, we have unveiled two enzyme-dependent TGF-β/Smad modulatory mechanisms; SIK promoted receptor turnover and PARP-1/PARG-regulated Smad signaling.
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Biokemi och molekylärbiologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- TGF-β
- Smad
- PARP-1
- PARG
- ALK5
- SIK
- signal transduction
- transcription
- post-translational modification
- phosphorylation
- ubiquitin
- ADP-ribosylation
- DNA-binding
- receptor degradation
- Cell and molecular biology
- Cell- och molekylärbiologi
- Biology with specialization in Molecular Cell Biology
- Biologi med inriktning mot molekylär cellbiologi
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