Estimation of cold plasma outflow during geomagnetic storms

Haaland, S.Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Bergen, Norway.;Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Gottingen, Germany. (author)

Low-energy ions of ionospheric origin constitute a significant contributor to the magnetospheric plasma population. Measuring cold ions is difficult though. Observations have to be done at sufficiently high altitudes and typically in regions of space where spacecraft attain a positive charge due to solar illumination. Cold ions are therefore shielded from the satellite particle detectors. Furthermore, spacecraft can only cover key regions of ion outflow during segments of their orbit, so additional complications arise if continuous longtime observations, such as during a geomagnetic storm, are needed. In this paper we suggest a new approach, based on a combination of synoptic observations and a novel technique to estimate the flux and total outflow during the various phases of geomagnetic storms. Our results indicate large variations in both outflow rates and transport throughout the storm. Prior to the storm main phase, outflow rates are moderate, and the cold ions are mainly emanating from moderately sized polar cap regions. Throughout the main phase of the storm, outflow rates increase and the polar cap source regions expand. Furthermore, faster transport, resulting from enhanced convection, leads to a much larger supply of cold ions to the near-Earth region during geomagnetic storms.

Eriksson, AndersUppsala universitet,Institutet för rymdfysik, Uppsalaavdelningen(Swepub:uu)andeerik (author)
André, MatsUppsala universitet,Institutet för rymdfysik, Uppsalaavdelningen(Swepub:uu)maand125 (author)
Maes, L.Belgian Inst Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. (author)
Baddeley, L.Univ Ctr Svalbard, Dept Arctic Geophys, Longyearbyen, Norway. (author)
Barakat, A.Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. (author)
Chappell, R.Vanderbilt Univ, Sci & Res Commun, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. (author)
Eccles, V.Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. (author)
Johnsen, C.Univ Oslo, Dept Geophys, Oslo, Norway. (author)
Lybekk, B.Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. (author)
Li, K.Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Gottingen, Germany. (author)
Pedersen, A.Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. (author)
Schunk, R.Utah State Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Space Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. (author)
Welling, D.Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Bergen, Norway.;Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. (author)
Univ Bergen, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Bergen, Norway.;Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Gottingen, Germany.Institutet för rymdfysik, Uppsalaavdelningen (creator_code:org_t)

In:Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics120:12, s. 10622-106392169-93802169-9402

By the author/editor: Haaland, S.; Eriksson, Anders; André, Mats; Maes, L.; Baddeley, L.; Barakat, A.; show more...; Chappell, R.; Eccles, V.; Johnsen, C.; Lybekk, B.; Li, K.; Pedersen, A.; Schunk, R.; Welling, D.; show less...

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