Biochemical biomarkers associated with peripheral artery disease contribute to prediction of outcome during long-term follow up after myocardial infarction

• AbstractBackground: Few studies have investigated biomarkers and their association to cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR-1), tumor necrosis factor receptor 2(TNFR-2) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) are inflammatory biomarkers found to predict PAD.Aim:  To evaluate whether pathological ankle brachial index (ABI) and the group of biomarkers TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and GDF-15 analyzed early after a MI, were associated with all-cause mortality and the risk of new cardiovascular events during long-term follow up. Method: 388 patients with MI included in the REBUS (Relevance of Biomarkers for future risk of Thromboembolic Events in Unselected Post-myocardial Infarction Patients) study were examined with ABI to diagnose PAD (defined as an ABI score <0.9 or > 1.4 on at least one side). TNFR-1, -2 and GDF-15 was measured using the Proseek Multiplex CVD III ⁹⁶˟⁹⁶ proximity extension assay (www.olink.com/products/cvd-i and iii-panel).  The composite results for these 3 biomarkers were dichotomized into two groups (i.e high and low values) We evaluated pathological ABI and the group with higher biomarkers values with the association to long-term outcome, and if the group of biomarkers for inflammation could further improve prediction of recurrence of cardiovascular events (mortality, new acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the composite of mortality, new ACS, stroke/TIA and PAD) after an MI.  Results:  The mean follow-up time was 5.5 years. After adjustment for established CV risk factors, pathological ABI was associated with a higher risk of new ACS, HR 1.97, 95 % CI 1.12-3.49, p = 0.019, and the composite endpoint; HR 1.97, 95 % CI 1.29-3.01, p=0.002, compared to patients with normal ABI. The group with the higher biomarker value was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality; HR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.00-3.38, p=0.049 and the composite endpoint; HR 1.62, 95 % CI 1.03-2.53, p=0.035. In the ROC analyses pathological ABI added to established CV risk factors improved the AUC for a new ACS from 0.753 (95% C.I. 0.684-0.822, p<0.001) to 0.763 (95% C.I. 0.697-0.830, p<0.001). When the group with higher biomarker values was added to  established CV risk factors  AUC for all-cause mortality increased from 0.789 (95% C-I. 0.729-0.849, p<0.001) to 0.805 (95% C.I. 0.746-0.863, p<0.001).Conclusion: Despite a high proportion of revascularization and guideline-recommended secondary medical treatment, both pathological ABI and the group with higher values of the inflammatory biomarkers (TNFR-1, TNFR-2, GDF-15) predictive for PAD were associated with the risk of new CV events and mortality in patients with a recent MI. The group of inflammatory biomarkers provide additional information to established risk factors in prediction of CV outcome in this cohort with recent MI.

Keyword

coronary artery disease

acute coronary syndrome

peripheral artery disase

biochemial biomarkers

myocardial inafarction

long-term follow up

Publication and Content Type

vet (subject category)

ovr (subject category)