Multiplex digital enumeration of circular DNA molecules on solid supports

• Digital PCR is a detection method with unprecedented accuracy for DNA quantification, but with some limitations in the form of complexity of instrumentation and limited multiplexing. Here we present an isothermal platform for digital enumeration of DNA reaction products in multiplex via standard fluorescence microscopy, to overcome limitations of digital PCR. In this method, sets of small DNA circles, resulting from detection reactions, are captured on a streptavidin-coated surface and subjected to rolling circle amplification (RCA). We found that the addition of 15% polyethylene glycol 4000 to RCA on planar surfaces ensured uniform, easily counted signals, each of which represents an individual reaction product. The DNA circles were immobilized and detected with efficiencies of 50 and 100%, respectively, as determined by droplet digital PCR. We confirmed previous reports about the effect on RCA efficiency by sequence composition and size of the RCA templates at the level of individual amplified molecules, and we developed an efficient one-step de- and re-staining procedure for sequential multiplexing via toehold-triggered DNA strand displacement.

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