Landskaps­planering av skog – för biologisk mångfald och ett varierat skogsbruk

• The research program has investigated questions about landscape planning of forests to promote biodiversity and varied forestry. An overall conclusion is that landscape planning promotes the achievement of the Swedish Parliament’s environmental objective “Living forests”. The programme studied three Swedish forest landscapes. 16 species, listed in the EU nature conservation directives, were used as indicators. Landscape data were collected from landowner forestry planning and from available GIS layers. The Zonation program identified the areas that best matched the species requirements and the areas were then sorted by priority. Subsequently, different forest management options were identified for the respective areas, taking into account habitat connectivity. The example shows how a planning basis can be produced. In order to resolve deficiencies in current forest management, landscape planning should be integrated into the legal system. Judicial landscape planning can serve as a preventive model, which the European Commission has recommended in order to overcome conflicts between species protection and forestry as well as to improve predictability. The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) in the United States shows how issues of adaptability, knowledge base and participation in such planning can be addressed. The NFMA may in several aspects serve as a guide in a Swedish legislative work with landscape planning. Legally binding plans, with restrictions on land use, will entitle forest owners the right to compensation, under certain preconditions. It is possible to support a landscape plan through a fund where forest owners pay a certain fee, and where the funds are used to compensate forest owners who take greater responsibility for conservation. The greater the area of the plan and the fund, the easier it can be to create such horizontal justice. A simulation of the financial effects of a fee-fund system in three forest landscape areas shows that a fee-fund system generally has relatively good opportunities to function as a self-financed policy alternative. However, self-financing is not an end in itself, but a matter of vertical justice. A survey of private forest owners revealed a group (about 70%) who is totally against all restrictions on their current freedom, and to recurring key biotope inventories. The second group (approx. 30%) is more positive towards increased government intervention, especially if decisions are taken in consultation with the forest owners. This group is also positive for recurring key biotope inventories. The survey indicates the importance of forest owners’ participation in the landscape planning.

Ämnesord

SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP  -- Juridik -- Juridik (hsv//swe)

SOCIAL SCIENCES  -- Law -- Law (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Landskapsplanering

skog

artskydd

livsmiljö

livsmiljödirektiv

fågeldirektiv

levande skogar

biologisk mångfald

zonation

vertikal rättvisa

horisontell rättvisa

äganderätt

fond

avgift

legitimitet

adaptivitet

proaktiv

Environmental Law

Miljörätt

Publikations- och innehållstyp

vet (ämneskategori)

rap (ämneskategori)