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Identification of resident memory CD8+ T cells with functional specificity for SARS-CoV-2 in unexposed oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue
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- Niessl, Julia (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Sekine, Takuya (author)
- Karolinska Inst, Ctr Infect Med, Dept Med, Stockholm, Sweden.
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- Lange, Joshua (author)
- Karolinska Inst, Ctr Infect Med, Dept Med, Stockholm, Sweden.
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- Karolinska Institutet Karolinska Inst, Ctr Infect Med, Dept Med, Stockholm, Sweden (creator_code:org_t)
- American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2021
- 2021
- English.
- In: Science immunology. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2470-9468. ; 6:64
- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract
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- Cross-reactive CD4+ T cells that recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are more commonly detected in the peripheral blood of unexposed individuals compared with SARS-CoV-2–reactive CD8+ T cells. However, large numbers of memory CD8+ T cells reside in tissues, feasibly harboring localized SARS-CoV-2–specific immune responses. To test this idea, we performed a comprehensive functional and phenotypic analysis of virus-specific T cells in tonsils, a major lymphoid tissue site in the upper respiratory tract, and matched peripheral blood samples obtained from children and adults before the emergence of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We found that SARS-CoV-2–specific memory CD4+ T cells could be found at similar frequencies in the tonsils and peripheral blood in unexposed individuals, whereas functional SARS-CoV-2–specific memory CD8+ T cells were almost only detectable in the tonsils. Tonsillar SARS-CoV-2–specific memory CD8+ T cells displayed a follicular homing and tissue-resident memory phenotype, similar to tonsillar Epstein-Barr virus–specific memory CD8+ T cells, but were functionally less potent than other virus-specific memory CD8+ T cell responses. The presence of preexisting tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in unexposed individuals could potentially enable rapid sentinel immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Immunologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Immunology in the medical area (hsv//eng)
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- Niessl, Julia
- Sekine, Takuya
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- Konya, Viktoria
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