Topical immunomodulators for management of oral mucosal conditions, a systematic review; Part II: miscellaneous agents.

• INTRODUCTION: Topical immunomodulating preparations have utility in inflammatory/immune-mediated oral mucosal disease resistant to topical steroids, in immunologically mediated systemic disease with primary oral involvement or more severe lesions primarily involving the oral mucosa. AREAS COVERED: This paper is the second part of a systematic review of a variety of topical immunomodulators for management of immune/inflammatory oral mucosal conditions. The literature search revealed studies of azathioprine, benzydamine, GM-CSF and G-CSF, tetracyclines, retinoids, imiquimod, amlexanox, sirolimus and bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid. Weighted conclusions are provided for the topical use of each of the immunomodulators reviewed in the management of these oral diseases. EXPERT OPINION: Topical immunomodulators may be useful as second line treatment in several oral diseases, particularly oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Benzydamine was found to be preventive in radiotherapy-induced mucositis; however, it is unclear if this outcome is related to its immunomodulating effects or other mechanisms of action. Topical application of tetracyclines and retinoic acid also shows potential anti-inflammatory actions.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin -- Odontologi (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine -- Dentistry (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Administration

Topical

Clinical Trials as Topic

Drug Discovery

methods

Humans

Immunologic Factors

administration & dosage

adverse effects

therapeutic use

Lichen Planus

Oral

drug therapy

immunology

Mouth Diseases

drug therapy

immunology

Mouth Mucosa

drug effects

immunology

Retinoids

administration & dosage

adverse effects

therapeutic use

Stomatitis

Aphthous

drug therapy

immunology

Tetracyclines

administration & dosage

adverse effects

therapeutic use

Treatment Outcome

Publikations- och innehållstyp

ref (ämneskategori)

art (ämneskategori)