Shift in seagrass food web structure over decades is linked to overfishing

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Baden, Susanne P.,1952Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (author)

Shift in seagrass food web structure over decades is linked to overfishing

Article/chapterEnglish2012

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Inter-Research Science Center,2012

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/159203
https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/159203URI
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09585DOI
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-9268URI

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Language:English

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

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Empirical field studies in seagrass have revealed that overgrowth by filamentous algae which reduces seagrass growth can be explained by a top-down cascading effect caused by declines in top predators, which is enforced by eutrophication. On the Swedish west coast, 60% of the seagrass has disappeared since the 1980s. We hypothesised that overfishing, responsible for a >90% decline in the cod stock, and the 4 to 8 times increase in nutrient load since the 1930s have altered the seagrass structure and function during recent decades. We used quantitative samples from the 1980s and 2000s and analysed the trends in abundance of the 4 feeding guilds: top predatory fish, intermediate predatory fish, crustacean omnivores and mesoherbivores. Since the 1980s, the commercial catch of gadoids on the Swedish west coast has decreased by >90 %, and here we found that the biomass of top predators (gadoids and trout) that forage in seagrass has decreased by approximately 80%. In contrast, the biomass of intermediate predatory fish (gobids and sticklebacks) has increased 8 times during summer and 11 times during autumn, while mesoherbivores (idoteids and gammarids >7 mm) have more or less disappeared from the seagrass bed. We thus found clear evidence that a shift in seagrass food web structure has taken place over the last 3 decades. Combining these findings with our recent empirical results from field cage experiments in the Skagerrak seagrass, where we manipulate top-down and bottom-up regulation, we conclude that lack of grazers in concert with eutrophication most likely contributed to the overgrowth by filamentous algae and disappearance of the seagrass on the Swedish west coast.

Subject headings and genre

NATURVETENSKAP Biologi Ekologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Biological Sciences Ecology hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Biologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Biological Sciences hsv//eng
NATURVETENSKAP Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources hsv//eng
LANTBRUKSVETENSKAPER Lantbruksvetenskap, skogsbruk och fiske Livsmedelsvetenskap hsv//swe
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Food Science hsv//eng
Food web structure
Overfishing
Eutrophication
Seagrass
zostera-marina l
trophic cascades
assemblage structure
nutrient
enrichment
coastal ecosystems
eastern skagerrak
epibenthic fauna
western sweden
baltic sea
low-oxygen
Food Engineering

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Emanuelsson, AndreasRISE,Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences,SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik (author)
Pihl, Leif,1951Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences(Swepub:gu)xpihle (author)
Svensson, Carl Johan,1976Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences(Swepub:gu)xsveca (author)
Åberg, Per,1959Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences(Swepub:gu)xabepe (author)
Göteborgs universitetInstitutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Marine Ecology-Progress Series: Inter-Research Science Center451, s. 61-730171-86301616-1599

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By the author/editor: Baden, Susanne P ...; Emanuelsson, And ...; Pihl, Leif, 1951; Svensson, Carl J ...; Åberg, Per, 1959

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NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Ecology

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Oceanography Hyd ...

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