C/EBP-Homologous Protein (CHOP) in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Regulates Their Proliferation in Aortic Explants and Atherosclerotic Lesions

• Rationale: Myeloid-derived C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), an effector of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response, promotes macrophage apoptosis in advanced atherosclerosis, but the role of CHOP in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerosis is not known. Objective: To investigate the role of CHOP in SM22 alpha(+) VSMCs in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Chop(fl/fl) mice were generated and crossed into the Apoe(-/-) and SM22 alpha-CreKI(+) backgrounds. SM22 alpha-CreKI causes deletion of floxed genes in adult SMCs. After 12 weeks of Western-type diet feeding, the content of alpha-actin-positive cells in aortic root lesions was decreased in Chop(fl/fl)SM22 alpha-CreKI(+) Apoe(-/-) versus control Chop(fl/fl)Apoe(-/-) mice, and aortic explant-derived VSMCs from the VSMC-CHOP-deficient mice displayed reduced proliferation. Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a key suppressor of VSMC proliferation, was increased in lesions and aortic VSMCs from Chop(fl/fl)SM22 alpha-CreKI(+) Apoe(-/-) mice, and silencing Klf4 in CHOP-deficient VSMCs restored proliferation. CHOP deficiency in aortic VSMCs increased KLF4 through 2 mechanisms mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress effector activating transcription factor 4: transcriptional induction of Klf4 mRNA and decreased proteasomal degradation of KLF4 protein. Conclusions: These findings in SM22 alpha-CHOP-deficient mice imply that CHOP expression in SM22 alpha(+) VSMCs promotes cell proliferation by downregulating KLF4. The mechanisms involve newly discovered roles of CHOP in the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of KLF4.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Cell- och molekylärbiologi (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Cell and Molecular Biology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

activating transcription factor 4

atherosclerosis

transcription factor CHOP

unfolded protein

ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS

GENE-EXPRESSION

MECHANISMS

APOPTOSIS

PLAQUES

MACROPHAGES

PROGRESSION

ACTIVATION

INITIATION

RESPONSES

Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Hematology

Peripheral Vascular

Disease

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)

art (subject category)