Adaptation to Low Salinity Promotes Genomic Divergence in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)

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Berg, P. R. (author)

Adaptation to Low Salinity Promotes Genomic Divergence in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)

Article/chapterEnglish2015

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2015-05-20
Oxford University Press (OUP),2015

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/223015
https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/223015URI
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv093DOI

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Language:English

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SwePubSwePub

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Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

Notes

How genomic selection enables species to adapt to divergent environments is a fundamental question in ecology and evolution. We investigated the genomic signatures of local adaptation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) along a natural salinity gradient, ranging from 35% in the North Sea to 7% within the Baltic Sea. By utilizing a 12K SNPchip, we simultaneously assessed neutral and adaptive genetic divergence across the Atlantic cod genome. Combining outlier analyses with a landscape genomic approach, we identified a set of directionally selected loci that are strongly correlated with habitat differences in salinity, oxygen, and temperature. Our results show that discrete regions within the Atlantic cod genome are subject to directional selection and associated with adaptation to the local environmental conditions in the Baltic-and the North Sea, indicating divergence hitchhiking and the presence of genomic islands of divergence. We report a suite of outlier single nucleotide polymorphisms within or closely located to genes associated with osmoregulation, as well as genes known to play important roles in the hydration and development of oocytes. These genes are likely to have key functions within a general osmoregulatory framework and are important for the survival of eggs and larvae, contributing to the buildup of reproductive isolation between the low-salinity adapted Baltic cod and the adjacent cod populations. Hence, our data suggest that adaptive responses to the environmental conditions in the Baltic Sea may contribute to a strong and effective reproductive barrier, and that Baltic cod can be viewed as an example of ongoing speciation.

Subject headings and genre

NATURVETENSKAP Biologi hsv//swe
NATURAL SCIENCES Biological Sciences hsv//eng
Atlantic cod
Baltic Sea
ecological divergence
genomic adaptation
population genomics
SNPs
WITH-GENE-FLOW
EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE
HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS
FISH
EGG HYDRATION
BALTIC SEA
ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION
MARINE FISH
ADAPTIVE
EVOLUTION
LOCAL ADAPTATION
THREESPINE STICKLEBACKS

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

Jentoft, S. (author)
Star, B. (author)
Ring, K. H. (author)
Knutsen, H. (author)
Lien, S. (author)
Jakobsen, K. S. (author)
André, Carl,1958Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap, Tjärnö marinbiologiska laboratorium,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory(Swepub:gu)xacaru (author)
Göteborgs universitetInstitutionen för biologi och miljövetenskap, Tjärnö marinbiologiska laboratorium (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Genome Biology and Evolution: Oxford University Press (OUP)7:6, s. 1644-16631759-6653

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NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...

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