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  • Robertson, JosefinaGothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine,University of Gothenburg,Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset,Sahlgrenska University Hospital (author)

Increased immune activation and signs of neuronal injury in HIV-negative people on preexposure prophylaxis.

  • Article/chapterEnglish2021

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • 2021

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  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/311220
  • https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/311220URI
  • https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002980DOI
  • https://research.chalmers.se/publication/526927URI

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  • Language:English

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  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

Notes

  • Persistent immune activation in the central nervous system and systemically are common in people living with HIV (PLHIV) despite antiretroviral therapy. It is not known whether this is generated by HIV replication or by other components such as coinfections and lifestyle-related factors.The aim of this study was to determine the importance of different factors; it is crucial to find well matched HIV-negative controls. In this context, HIV-negative persons on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may constitute a suitable control group to PLHIV with similar lifestyle-related factors.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were collected from 40 HIV-negative persons on PrEP and 20 controls without PrEP. Biomarkers of immune activation, blood--brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuronal injury were analysed.CSF and serum β2-microglobulin, serum neopterin and CSF neurofilament light protein were higher in persons on PrEP compared with controls. Furthermore, persons on PrEP had higher CSF/plasma albumin ratio, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 concentrations, indicating BBB dysfunction. Of persons on PrEP, 90% were cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive compared to 65% of the controls. CMV-positive individuals as a group had higher levels of serum β2-microglobulin than CMV-negative individuals (P<0.05). Drug users had higher serum β2-microglobulin compared to nonusers (P<0.01).HIV-negative persons on PrEP had higher levels of biomarkers for immune activation, BBB impairment and neuronal injury, compared with volunteers without PrEP. Moreover, serum β2-microglobulin was higher in CMV-positive than in CMV-negative individuals and in drug users compared with nonusers. These findings are important to consider when analysing immune activation and CNS injury in PLHIV, and emphasize the importance of appropriate controls.

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  • Edén, Arvid,1975Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine,Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset,Sahlgrenska University Hospital,University of Gothenburg(Swepub:gu)xedear (author)
  • Nyström, Kristina,1977Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine,University of Gothenburg(Swepub:gu)xnystk (author)
  • Hagberg, Lars,1951Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine,Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset,Sahlgrenska University Hospital,University of Gothenburg(Swepub:gu)xhagbl (author)
  • Yilmaz, Aylin,1974Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine,University of Gothenburg,Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset,Sahlgrenska University Hospital(Swepub:gu)xyilay (author)
  • Gostner, Johanna MMedizinische Universität Innsbruck,Medical University of Innsbruck (author)
  • Fuchs, DietmarMedizinische Universität Innsbruck,Medical University of Innsbruck (author)
  • Nilsson, Staffan,1956Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för matematiska vetenskaper,Department of Mathematical Sciences,Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology(Swepub:cth)staffan (author)
  • Blennow, Kaj,1958Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi, sektionen för psykiatri och neurokemi,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,University of Gothenburg,Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset,Sahlgrenska University Hospital(Swepub:gu)xbleka (author)
  • Zetterberg, Henrik,1973Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi, sektionen för psykiatri och neurokemi,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,University College London (UCL),University of Gothenburg,Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset,Sahlgrenska University Hospital(Swepub:gu)xzethe (author)
  • Gisslén, Magnus,1962Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine,Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset,Sahlgrenska University Hospital,University of Gothenburg(Swepub:gu)xgissm (author)
  • Göteborgs universitetInstitutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar (creator_code:org_t)

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