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Leveraging a gain-o...
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Busayavalasa, KiranGothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kemi och molekylärbiologi,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
(author)
Leveraging a gain-of-function allele of Caenorhabditis elegans paqr-1 to elucidate membrane homeostasis by PAQR proteins
- Article/chapterEnglish2020
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2020-08-04
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Public Library of Science (PLoS),2020
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LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/296036
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https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/296036URI
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008975DOI
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TheC.elegansproteins PAQR-2 (a homolog of the human seven-transmembrane domain AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins) and IGLR-2 (a homolog of the mammalian LRIG proteins characterized by a single transmembrane domain and the presence of immunoglobulin domains and leucine-rich repeats in their extracellular portion) form a complex that protects against plasma membrane rigidification by promoting the expression of fatty acid desaturases and the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids, hence increasing membrane fluidity. In the present study, we leveraged a novel gain-of-function allele of PAQR-1, a PAQR-2 paralog, to carry out structure-function studies. We found that the transmembrane domains of PAQR-2 are responsible for its functional requirement for IGLR-2, that PAQR-1 does not require IGLR-2 but acts via the same pathway as PAQR-2, and that the divergent N-terminal cytoplasmic domains of the PAQR-1 and PAQR-2 proteins serve a regulatory function and may regulate access to the catalytic site of these proteins. We also show that overexpression of human AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 alone is sufficient to confer increased palmitic acid resistance in HEK293 cells, and thus act in a manner analogous to the PAQR-1 gain-of-function allele. Author summary Cells are enclosed within membranes primarily composed of fat. When membranes contain much saturated fats, they tend to become more rigid, as with butter. Conversely, when membranes are rich in unsaturated fats, they become more fluid, as with vegetable oils. Our goal is to better understand how cells monitor and adjust the composition and properties of their membranes. We focus on a small group of proteins found in all animals, and called AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in humans, and PAQR-1 and PAQR-2 in the wormCaenorhabditis elegans. We now found a version of PAQR-1 that is more "active", and promotes increased levels of unsaturated fats in membranes. By swapping different parts of the PAQR-1 protein with those of PAQR-2, we were able to determine which protein parts played which roles. We found that it is the transmembrane domains of PAQR-2 that dictate its requirements for another protein called IGLR-2 and that the intracellular domains of PAQR-1 and PAQR-2 play a regulatory role. These studies help understand how AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 regulate membrane composition in human cells, which is a vital function for us to thrive on diets that vary greatly in the types of fats that they contain.
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Ruiz, Mario,1984Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kemi och molekylärbiologi,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology(Swepub:gu)xruima
(author)
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Devkota, RanjanGothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kemi och molekylärbiologi,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology(Swepub:gu)xdevra
(author)
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Ståhlman, Marcus,1975Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för medicin, avdelningen för molekylär och klinisk medicin,Wallenberglaboratoriet,Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine,Wallenberg Laboratory(Swepub:gu)xstahm
(author)
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Bodhicharla, RakeshGothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kemi och molekylärbiologi,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology(Swepub:gu)xbodhr
(author)
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Svensk, EmmaGothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kemi och molekylärbiologi,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology(Swepub:gu)xsveem
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Hermansson, N. O.
(author)
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Borén, Jan,1963Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för medicinsk kemi och cellbiologi,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology(Swepub:gu)xborej
(author)
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Pilon, Marc,1966Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för kemi och molekylärbiologi,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology(Swepub:gu)xpilom
(author)
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Göteborgs universitetInstitutionen för kemi och molekylärbiologi
(creator_code:org_t)
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In:Plos Genetics: Public Library of Science (PLoS)16:81553-7404
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