Development and primary validation of the School Health Assessment Tool for Primary Schools (SHAT-PS)

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Kazemitabar, M.International Network for Well-Being, Iran,University of Tehran,Univ Tehran, Iran; Int Network Well Being, Iran (author)

Development and primary validation of the School Health Assessment Tool for Primary Schools (SHAT-PS)

Article/chapterEnglish2021

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

2021-12-13
PeerJ,2021

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/312779
https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/312779URI
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12610DOI
https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/2b9ab670-1f3b-43fb-98c8-e84842266900URI
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-182074URI

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Language:English

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Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

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Background. School health programs need to target all aspects of physical, psycholog-ical, and social well-being. Using a slightly modified version of the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, we developed and conducted the first validation of the School Health Assessment Tool for Primary Schools (SHAT-PS). Method. The exploratory sequential mixed method was used in this study. In the first phase, scientific databases were systematically searched to find school health models and instruments and 65 interviews were conducted with school stakeholders. The Colaizzi's method was used to code the qualitative data into themes. Then, a pool of items was created for each theme, rechecked by psychometric experts and then validated for content (i.e., relevance, clarity, and comprehensiveness) by psychometric experts and individuals of the target population (i.e., school personnel). In the second phase, classical test theory was utilized to analyze the validity and reliability of the resulting items from phase 1 among 400 individuals working at primary schools. Results. The coding of the interviews resulted in ten themes that we labeled based on the theoretical literature: school health policies, community connections, health education, physical activity, health services, nutrition, psychological services, physical environment, equipment and facilities, and school staff's health. The items created for each theme ended up in an initial pool of 76 items. In the final stage of phase 1, 69 items remained after the content validity assessment by experts and school personnel. In phase 2, the SHAT-PS items were tested using maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Of the 69 items from phase 1, 22 items were removed due to low factor loadings. The results showed that the 8-factor model was the best solution (chi-square/df = 2.41, CFI = .98, TLI = .97, RMSEA = .06). The discriminant and convergent validity of the SHAT-PS were evaluated as satisfactory and the scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha for all subscales > .93). The test-retest reliability was satisfactory-the intraclass correlation coefficient pooled was .95 (99% CI [.91-.98]). Moreover, the standard error of measurement resulted in an SEM pooled equal to 4.4. No discrepancy was found between subgroups of gender and subgroups of staffs' positions at schools. Conclusion. The SHAT-PS is a valid and reliable tool that may facilitate school staff, stakeholders and researchers to evaluate the presence of the factors that promote health at primary schools. Nevertheless, in the process of validation, many of the items related to staff's health were eliminated due to poor factor loadings. Obviously, staff health is an important factor in the measurement of school health. Hence, we recommend that the validity and reliability of the SHAT-PS in other cultures should be done using the original 76-item version.

Subject headings and genre

SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Psykologi hsv//swe
SOCIAL SCIENCES Psychology hsv//eng
SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Utbildningsvetenskap hsv//swe
SOCIAL SCIENCES Educational Sciences hsv//eng
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Hälsovetenskap Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Health Sciences Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology hsv//eng
MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Klinisk medicin Psykiatri hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Clinical Medicine Psychiatry hsv//eng
School health
Psychometrics
Well-being
Factor analysis
COSMIN risk
of bias checklist
Tool development
Reliability and validity
Assessment and evaluation
systematic reviews
cosmin
reliability
validity
program
Science & Technology - Other Topics
COSMIN risk of bias checklist
School health; Psychometrics; Well-being; Factor analysis; COSMIN risk of bias checklist; Tool development; Reliability and validity; Assessment and evaluation

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Garcia, Danilo,1973Linköpings universitet,Lund University,Lunds universitet,Linköping University,University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Centrum för etik, juridik och mental hälsa,Psykologiska institutionen,Centre for Ethics, Law, and Mental Health,Department of Psychology,Institutionen för psykologi,Samhällsvetenskapliga institutioner och centrumbildningar,Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten,Departments of Administrative, Economic and Social Sciences,Faculty of Social Sciences,International Network for Well-Being, Sweden,Psykologi,Filosofiska fakulteten,Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Int Network Well Being, Sweden(Swepub:liu)danga84 (author)
Chukwuorji, J. C.International Network for Well-Being, Nigeria,Cleveland State University,University of Nigeria,Univ Nigeria, Nigeria; Cleveland State Univ, OH 44115 USA; Int Network Well Being, Nigeria (author)
Sanmartin, R.University of Alicante,Univ Alicante, Spain (author)
Lucchese, F.Sapienza University of Rome,International Network for Well-Being, Italy,Sapienza Univ Rome, Italy; Int Network Well Being, Italy (author)
Khoshnood, K.Yale University,Yale Univ, CT USA (author)
Cloninger, Kevin M.University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Psykologiska institutionen,Department of Psychology,Saint Louis University School of Medicine,Anthropedia Foundation,International Network for Well-Being, United States of America,Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Anthropedia Fdn, MO USA; St Louis Univ, MO 63103 USA; Int Network Well Being, MO USA (author)
International Network for Well-Being, IranUniversity of Tehran (creator_code:org_t)

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SOCIAL SCIENCES: SOCIAL SCIENCES; and Psychology

SOCIAL SCIENCES: SOCIAL SCIENCES; and Educational Scie ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Health Sciences; and Public Health Gl ...

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Psychiatry

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