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Viral Antigen and I...
Viral Antigen and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients With COVID-19 Infection and Neurologic Symptoms Compared With Control Participants Without Infection or Neurologic Symptoms.
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- Edén, Arvid, 1975 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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- Grahn, Anna, 1973 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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- Bremell, Daniel, 1978 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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Aghvanyan, Anahit (author)
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Bathala, Pradeepthi (author)
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Fuchs, Dietmar (author)
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Gostner, Johanna (author)
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- Hagberg, Lars, 1951 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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- Kanberg, Nelly (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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Kanjananimmanont, Sunsanee (author)
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- Lindh, Magnus, 1960 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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Misaghian, Salvia (author)
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Nilsson, Staffan (author)
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Schöll, Michael (author)
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Sigal, George (author)
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Stentoft, Erika (author)
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- Studahl, Marie, 1957 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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- Yilmaz, Aylin, 1974 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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Wang, Mingyue (author)
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Stengelin, Martin (author)
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- Zetterberg, Henrik, 1973 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi, sektionen för psykiatri och neurokemi,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry
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- Gisslén, Magnus, 1962 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för biomedicin, avdelningen för infektionssjukdomar,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Medicine
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2022-05-23
- 2022
- English.
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In: JAMA network open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 5:5
- Related links:
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https://gup.ub.gu.se...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- Neurologic symptoms are common in COVID-19, but the central nervous system (CNS) pathogenesis is unclear, and viral RNA is rarely detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).To measure viral antigen and inflammatory biomarkers in CSF in relation to neurologic symptoms and disease severity.This cross-sectional study was performed from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021, in patients 18 years or older who were admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, with COVID-19. All patients had CSF samples taken because of neurologic symptoms or within a study protocol. Healthy volunteer and prepandemic control groups were included.SARS-CoV-2 infection.Outcomes included CSF SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (N-Ag) using an ultrasensitive antigen capture immunoassay platform and CSF biomarkers of immune activation (neopterin, β2-microglobulin, and cytokines) and neuronal injury (neurofilament light protein [NfL]).Forty-four patients (median [IQR] age, 57 [48-69] years; 30 [68%] male; 26 with moderate COVID-19 and 18 with severe COVID-19 based on the World Health Organization Clinical Progression Scale), 10 healthy controls (median [IQR] age, 58 [54-60] years; 5 [50%] male), and 41 patient controls (COVID negative without evidence of CNS infection) (median [IQR] age, 59 [49-70] years; 19 [46%] male) were included in the study. Twenty-one patients were neuroasymptomatic and 23 were neurosymptomatic (21 with encephalopathy). In 31 of 35 patients for whom data were available (89%), CSF N-Ag was detected; viral RNA test results were negative in all. Nucleocapsid antigen was significantly correlated with CSF neopterin (r=0.38; P=.03) and interferon γ (r=0.42; P=.01). No differences in CSF N-Ag concentrations were found between patient groups. Patients had markedly increased CSF neopterin, β2-microglobulin, interleukin (IL) 2, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α compared with controls. Neurosymptomatic patients had significantly higher median (IQR) CSF interferon γ (86 [47-172] vs 21 [17-81] fg/mL; P=.03) and had a significantly higher inflammatory biomarker profile using principal component analysis compared with neuroasymptomatic patients (0.54; 95% CI, 0.03-1.05; P=.04). Age-adjusted median (IQR) CSF NfL concentrations were higher in patients compared with controls (960 [673-1307] vs 618 [489-786] ng/L; P=.002). No differences were seen in any CSF biomarkers in moderate compared with severe disease.In this study of Swedish adults with COVID-19 infection and neurologic symptoms, compared with control participants, viral antigen was detectable in CSF and correlated with CNS immune activation. Patients with COVID-19 had signs of neuroaxonal injury, and neurosymptomatic patients had a more marked inflammatory profile that could not be attributed to differences in COVID-19 severity. These results highlight the clinical relevance of neurologic symptoms and suggest that viral components can contribute to CNS immune responses without direct viral invasion.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Adult
- Antigens
- Viral
- Biomarkers
- cerebrospinal fluid
- COVID-19
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neopterin
- cerebrospinal fluid
- Neurofilament Proteins
- RNA
- Viral
- SARS-CoV-2
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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Edén, Arvid, 197 ...
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Grahn, Anna, 197 ...
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Bremell, Daniel, ...
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Aghvanyan, Anahi ...
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Bathala, Pradeep ...
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Fuchs, Dietmar
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Gostner, Johanna
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Hagberg, Lars, 1 ...
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Kanberg, Nelly
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Kanjananimmanont ...
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Lindh, Magnus, 1 ...
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Misaghian, Salvi ...
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Nilsson, Staffan
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Schöll, Michael
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Sigal, George
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Stentoft, Erika
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Studahl, Marie, ...
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Yilmaz, Aylin, 1 ...
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Wang, Mingyue
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Stengelin, Marti ...
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Zetterberg, Henr ...
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Gisslén, Magnus, ...
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JAMA network ope ...
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University of Gothenburg