Criminal recidivism in offenders with and without intellectual disability sentenced to forensic psychiatric care in Sweden—A 17-year follow-up study

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Edberg, H.Karolinska Institutet (author)

Criminal recidivism in offenders with and without intellectual disability sentenced to forensic psychiatric care in Sweden—A 17-year follow-up study

Article/chapterEnglish2022

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

2022-09-21
Frontiers Media SA,2022

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LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/322715
https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/322715URI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1011984DOI
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-101749URI
http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:151394099URI

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Language:English

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SwePubSwePub

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Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

Notes

Background: Offenders with intellectual disability (ID) constitute a distinct subgroup of offenders with mental disorders. Regarding criminal recidivism, it is unclear whether or not offenders with ID in forensic psychiatric settings differ from offenders without ID. Factors associated with criminal recidivism among offenders with ID have been scarcely investigated. Aim: To investigate the association between ID and criminal recidivism among offenders sentenced to forensic psychiatric care and to explore the impact of clinical, sociodemographic and offense variables. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on Swedish nationwide registers. A total of 3,365 individuals being sentenced to forensic psychiatric care in Sweden in 1997–2013 were followed from the forensic psychiatric assessment until first reconviction, death, emigration, or 31 December 2013, whichever occurred first. Cox regression models compared rates of recidivism in individuals with and without ID. Impact of clinical, sociodemographic, and offense variables on risk of criminal recidivism was presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Out of 3,365 offenders sentenced to forensic psychiatric care, 259 (7.7%) were diagnosed with ID. During follow-up (0–17 years, median 6 years), one third (n = 1,099) of the study population relapsed into criminality, giving a recidivism rate of 50.5 per 1,000 person-years. We observed an association between ID and a decreased risk of recidivism (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.0, p = 0.063), although this reached statistical significance only for the subgroup of male offenders (HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.0, p = 0.040) and not females (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6–1.8). ID offenders with concurrent ADHD tended to have a higher rate of recidivism (73.9 per 1,000 person-years, HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.6–2.4) than ID offenders without ADHD (42.5 per 1,000 person-years, HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.1). Amongst ID offenders, concurrent autism spectrum disorder, young age or male sex were not associated with recidivism, while previous criminal convictions were strongly associated with recidivism. Conclusion: A diagnosis of ID was associated with a lower risk of criminal recidivism among male offenders sentenced to forensic psychiatric care. The association between ADHD and recidivism among ID offenders highlights eligible focus areas in the management of offenders with ID. Copyright © 2022 Edberg, Chen, Andiné, Larsson and Hirvikoski.

Subject headings and genre

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP Klinisk medicin Psykiatri hsv//swe
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Clinical Medicine Psychiatry hsv//eng
crime
criminal recidivism
forensic psychiatry
intellectual disability
neurodevelopmental disorder
offender
survival analysis
adult
Article
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
autism
clinical feature
cohort analysis
controlled study
disease registry
female
follow up
forensic science
groups by age
human
intellectual impairment
longitudinal study
low risk population
major clinical study
male
mental health care
middle aged
patient care
population structure
recidivism
retrospective study
risk factor
sex difference
sociodemographics
Sweden
Swedish citizen
Crime

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

Chen, Q.Karolinska Institutet (author)
Andiné, PeterGothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Centrum för etik, juridik och mental hälsa,Centre for Ethics, Law, and Mental Health,Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden(Swepub:gu)xandip (author)
Larsson, Henrik,1975-Karolinska Institutet,Örebro universitet,Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden(Swepub:oru)hiln (author)
Hirvikoski, T.Karolinska Institutet (author)
Karolinska InstitutetCentrum för etik, juridik och mental hälsa (creator_code:org_t)

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In:Frontiers in Psychiatry: Frontiers Media SA131664-0640

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MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Psychiatry

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