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  • Sohn, Robert A. (author)

Explosive volcanism on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean

  • Article/chapterEnglish2008

Publisher, publication year, extent ...

  • Springer Science and Business Media LLC,2008

Numbers

  • LIBRIS-ID:oai:gup.ub.gu.se/96542
  • https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/96542URI
  • https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07075DOI
  • https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-14763URI

Supplementary language notes

  • Language:English

Part of subdatabase

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  • Subject category:ref swepub-contenttype
  • Subject category:art swepub-publicationtype

Notes

  • Roughly 60% of the Earth's outer surface is composed of oceanic crust formed by volcanic processes at mid-ocean ridges. Although only a small fraction of this vast volcanic terrain has been visually surveyed or sampled, the available evidence suggests that explosive eruptions are rare on mid-ocean ridges, particularly at depths below the critical point for seawater (3,000 m)1. A pyroclastic deposit has never been observed on the sea floor below 3,000 m, presumably because the volatile content of mid-ocean-ridge basalts is generally too low to produce the gas fractions required for fragmenting a magma at such high hydrostatic pressure. We employed new deep submergence technologies during an International Polar Year expedition to the Gakkel ridge in the Arctic Basin at 85° E, to acquire photographic and video images of 'zero-age' volcanic terrain on this remote, ice-covered ridge. Here we present images revealing that the axial valley at 4,000 m water depth is blanketed with unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits, including bubble wall fragments (limu o Pele)2, covering a large (>10 km2) area. At least 13.5 wt% CO2 is necessary to fragment magma at these depths3, which is about tenfold the highest values previously measured in a mid-ocean-ridge basalt4. These observations raise important questions about the accumulation and discharge of magmatic volatiles at ultraslow spreading rates on the Gakkel ridge5 and demonstrate that large-scale pyroclastic activity is possible along even the deepest portions of the global mid-ocean ridge volcanic system.

Subject headings and genre

Added entries (persons, corporate bodies, meetings, titles ...)

  • Willis, Claire (author)
  • Humphris, Susan (author)
  • Shank, Timothy M. (author)
  • Singh, Hanumant (author)
  • Edmonds, Henrietta N. (author)
  • Kunz, Clayton (author)
  • Hedman, Ulf (author)
  • Helmke, Elisabeth (author)
  • Jakuba, Michael (author)
  • Liljebladh, Bengt,1959Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för geovetenskaper,Department of Earth Sciences(Swepub:gu)xlilbe (author)
  • Linder, Julia (author)
  • Murphy, Christopher (author)
  • Nakamura, Ko-ichi (author)
  • Sato, Taichi (author)
  • Schlindwein, Vera (author)
  • Stranne, Christian,1979Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för geovetenskaper,Department of Earth Sciences(Swepub:gu)xstrch (author)
  • Tausenfreund, Maria (author)
  • Upchurch, Lucia (author)
  • Winsor, Peter (author)
  • Jakobsson, MartinStockholms universitet,Institutionen för geologi och geokemi(Swepub:su)mjako (author)
  • Soule, Adam (author)
  • Sato, S. (author)
  • Göteborgs universitetInstitutionen för geovetenskaper (creator_code:org_t)

Related titles

  • In:Nature: Springer Science and Business Media LLC453:7199, s. 1236-12380028-08361476-4687

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