Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from spruce-birch mixtures : The potential importance of tree spatial arrangement

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Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from spruce-birch mixtures : The potential importance of tree spatial arrangement

Felton, Adam (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Felton, Annika (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Wam, Hilde Karin (author): Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (Nibio),NIBIO, Norway

Witzell, Johanna (author): Linnéuniversitetet,Linnaeus University,Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT),Grön hållbar utveckling

Wallgren, Märtha (author): Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (SkogForsk),Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Skogforsk

Löf, Magnus (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Sonesson, Johan (author): Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (SkogForsk)

Lindbladh, Matts (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Björkman, Christer (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,Institutionen för ekologi,Department of Ecology,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Blennow, Kristina (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Lund University,Lunds universitet,Institutionen för naturgeografi och ekosystemvetenskap,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science,Faculty of Science,Landskapsarkitektur, planering och förvaltning,Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden;Lund University, Sweden

Cleary, Michelle (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Jonsell, Mats (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,Institutionen för ekologi,Department of Ecology,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Klapwijk, Maartje (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,Institutionen för ekologi,Department of Ecology,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Niklasson, Mats (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Nordens ark,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Petersson, Lisa (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Rönnberg, Jonas (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Sang, Åsa Ode (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Landskapsarkitektur, planering och förvaltning,Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Wrethling, Fredrika (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala,Institutionen för ekologi,Department of Ecology,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Hedwall, Per-Ola (author): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp,Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap,Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

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Elsevier BV, 2022
2022
English.
In: Environmental Challenges. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0100. ; 6

Related links:: http://dx.doi.org/10... (free); show more...; https://doi.org/10.1...; https://pub.epsilon.... (primary) (Raw object) (free); https://doi.org/10.1...; https://lup.lub.lu.s...; https://doi.org/10.1...; https://res.slu.se/i...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; show less...

Research review (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

There is increasing empirical support for the biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) benefits of mixed-species production forests. However, few studies control for the spatial arrangement of the trees within mixtures to determine the influence that clustering the tree species (patch scale mixtures), versus evenly dispersing them (intimate scale mixtures), may have for biodiversity and ES outcomes. To highlight the potential implications of altering tree spatial arrangement in mixtures, and the need to fill related knowledge gaps, here we provide a qualitative multi-disciplinary overview of ecological and socio-economic drivers with the potential to alter biodiversity, ecosystem services, and management-related outcomes from patch versus intimate scale mixtures. We focused our overview on even-aged mixtures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens) in Sweden, which enabled us to contrast findings within a biogeographical and silvicultural setting. Specifically, we targeted implications for biodiversity (understory vascular plants, epiphytic lichens, saproxylic beetles, birds), biomass production, harvesting costs, management ease, recreation and aesthetics, cervid game, as well as abiotic and biotic risks (wind, fire, pathogens, pests, browsing damage). In the absence of direct empirical evidence, we primarily relied on expert inference from theory and relevant empirical studies sourced from the Fennoscandian region, and further afield if needed. Collectively these efforts allowed us to develop a number of informed hypotheses indicating that for spruce-birch mixtures in this region, patch scale mixtures may have the potential to favour the diversity of several forest dependant taxonomic groups, cervid game and reduce harvesting costs, whereas intimate mixtures may have the potential to reduce pathogen and pest damage, and likewise, potentially benefit production outcomes. Current knowledge was too limited, inconsistent or context dependant to even tentatively infer outcomes for fire risk, wind damage, browsing damage, management ease, recreational and aesthetic outcomes. We emphasize that our hypotheses require testing, but are sufficient to (1) highlight the likely importance of spatial-scale to biodiversity and ecosystem services outcomes in mixed-species production forests, (2) caution against generalization from mixture studies that lack scale considerations, and (3) motivate the targeted consideration of spatial grain in future mixture studies.

Subject headings

LANTBRUKSVETENSKAPER -- Lantbruksvetenskap, skogsbruk och fiske -- Skogsvetenskap (hsv//swe)
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES -- Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries -- Forest Science (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Naturgeografi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Physical Geography (hsv//eng)
NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Ekologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Ecology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Biological diversity
Ecosystem services
Forestry
Mixed-forest stand
Species conservation
Tree plantations
Naturresurshushållning

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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES: AGRICULTURAL SCI ...; and Agriculture Fore ...; and Forest Science

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...; and Physical Geograp ...

NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Biological Scien ...; and Ecology

Articles in the publication: Environmental Ch ...

By the university: Lund University; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Linnaeus University

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