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Physical exercise, immune response, and susceptibility to infections—current knowledge and growing research areas
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- Kurowski, Marcin (author)
- Medical University of Lodz
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- Seys, Sven (author)
- Catholic University of Leuven
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- Bonini, Matteo (author)
- Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli,Imperial College London
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- Del Giacco, Stefano (author)
- University of Cagliari
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- Delgado, Luis (author)
- University of Porto,Sao Joao Hospital
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- Diamant, Zuzana (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Lungmedicin, allergologi och palliativ medicin,Sektion II,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund,Medicinska fakulteten,Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine,Section II,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund,Faculty of Medicine,Charles University in Prague,Skåne University Hospital
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- Kowalski, Marek L. (author)
- Medical University of Lodz
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- Moreira, André (author)
- Sao Joao Hospital,University of Porto
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- Rukhadze, Maia (author)
- Teaching University Geomedi,Allergy & Immunology Centre, Tbilisi
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- Couto, Mariana (author)
- Hospital CUF-Descobertas
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2022-05-09
- 2022
- English.
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In: Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538. ; 77:9, s. 2653-2664
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http://dx.doi.org/10...
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Abstract
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- This review presents state-of-the-art knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps for future research in the area of exercise-associated modifications of infection susceptibility. Regular moderate-intensity exercise is believed to have beneficial effects on immune health through lowering inflammation intensity and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections. However, strenuous exercise, as performed by professional athletes, may promote infection: in about half of athletes presenting respiratory symptoms, no causative pathogen can be identified. Acute bouts of exercise enhance the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which may induce infection-like respiratory symptoms. Relatively few studies have assessed the influence of regularly repeated exercise on the immune response and systemic inflammation compared to the effects of acute exercise. Additionally, ambient and environmental conditions may modify the systemic inflammatory response and infection susceptibility, particularly in outdoor athletes. Both acute and chronic regular exercise influence humoral and cellular immune response mechanisms, resulting in decreased specific and non-specific response in competitive athletes. The most promising areas of further research in exercise immunology include detailed immunological characterization of infection-prone and infection-resistant athletes, examining the efficacy of nutritional and pharmaceutical interventions as countermeasures to infection symptoms, and determining the influence of various exercise loads on susceptibility to infections with respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. By establishing a uniform definition of an “elite athlete,” it will be possible to make a comparable and straightforward interpretation of data from different studies and settings.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Immunologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Immunology in the medical area (hsv//eng)
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Infektionsmedicin (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Infectious Medicine (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- clinical immunology
- infections
- mucosal immunity
- sports
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- By the author/editor
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Kurowski, Marcin
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Seys, Sven
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Bonini, Matteo
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Del Giacco, Stef ...
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Delgado, Luis
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Diamant, Zuzana
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show more...
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Kowalski, Marek ...
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Moreira, André
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Rukhadze, Maia
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Couto, Mariana
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show less...
- About the subject
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Basic Medicine
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and Immunology in th ...
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Clinical Medicin ...
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and Infectious Medic ...
- Articles in the publication
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Allergy: Europea ...
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Allergy
- By the university
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Lund University