A Mesoproterozoic iron formation

Canfield, Donald E.China National Petroleum Corporation,University of Southern Denmark (författare)

We describe a 1,400 million-year old (Ma) iron formation (IF) from the Xiamaling Formation of the North China Craton. We estimate this IF to have contained at least 520 gigatons of authigenic Fe, comparable in size to many IFs of the Paleoproterozoic Era (2,500–1,600 Ma). Therefore, substantial IFs formed in the time window between 1,800 and 800 Ma, where they are generally believed to have been absent. The Xiamaling IF is of exceptionally low thermal maturity, allowing the preservation of organic biomarkers and an unprecedented view of iron-cycle dynamics during IF emplacement. We identify tetramethyl aryl isoprenoid (TMAI) biomarkers linked to anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and thus phototrophic Fe oxidation. Although we cannot rule out other pathways of Fe oxidation, iron and organic matter likely deposited to the sediment in a ratio similar to that expected for anoxygenic photosynthesis. Fe reduction was likely a dominant and efficient pathway of organic matter mineralization, as indicated by organic matter maturation by Rock Eval pyrolysis combined with carbon isotope analyses: Indeed, Fe reduction was seemingly as efficient as oxic respiration. Overall, this Mesoproterozoic-aged IF shows many similarities to Archean-aged (>2,500 Ma) banded IFs (BIFs), but with an exceptional state of preservation, allowing an unprecedented exploration of Fe-cycle dynamics in IF deposition.

Zhang, ShuichangChina National Petroleum Corporation (författare)
Wang, HuajianChina National Petroleum Corporation (författare)
Wang, XiaomeiChina National Petroleum Corporation (författare)
Zhao, WenzhiChina National Petroleum Corporation (författare)
Su, JinChina National Petroleum Corporation (författare)
Bjerrum, Christian J.University of Copenhagen (författare)
Haxen, Emma R.University of Copenhagen (författare)
Hammarlund, Emma U.Lund University,Lunds universitet,Avdelningen för translationell cancerforskning,Institutionen för laboratoriemedicin,Medicinska fakulteten,Division of Translational Cancer Research,Department of Laboratory Medicine,Faculty of Medicine,University of Southern Denmark(Swepub:lu)med-ehd (författare)
China National Petroleum CorporationUniversity of Southern Denmark (creator_code:org_t)

Ingår i:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences115:17, s. 3895-39040027-8424
Ingår i:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences115:17, s. 3895-39041091-6490

Av författaren/redakt...: Canfield, Donald ...; Zhang, Shuichang; Wang, Huajian; Wang, Xiaomei; Zhao, Wenzhi; Su, Jin; visa fler...; Bjerrum, Christi ...; Haxen, Emma R.; Hammarlund, Emma ...; visa färre...

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