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Butterfly species’ responses to urbanization : differing effects of human population density and built-up area

Kuussaari, Mikko (author)
Finnish Environment Institute
Toivonen, Marjaana (author)
University of Helsinki,Finnish Environment Institute
Heliölä, Janne (author)
Finnish Environment Institute
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Pöyry, Juha (author)
Finnish Environment Institute
Mellado, Jorge (author)
Finnish Environment Institute
Ekroos, Johan (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate,Centrum för miljö- och klimatvetenskap (CEC),Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC),Faculty of Science
Hyyryläinen, Vesa (author)
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)
Vähä-Piikkiö, Inkeri (author)
City of Helsinki
Tiainen, Juha (author)
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke),University of Helsinki
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 (creator_code:org_t)
2020-09-18
2021
English 13 s.
In: Urban Ecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1083-8155 .- 1573-1642. ; 24:3, s. 515-527
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • Good knowledge on how increasing urbanization affects biodiversity is essential in order to preserve biodiversity in urban green spaces. We examined how urban development affects species richness and total abundance of butterflies as well as the occurrence and abundance of individual species within the Helsinki metropolitan area in Northern Europe. Repeated butterfly counts in 167 separate 1-km-long transects within Helsinki covered the entire urbanization gradient, quantified by human population density and the proportion of built-up area (within a 50-m buffer surrounding each butterfly transect). We found consistently negative effects of both human population density and built-up area on all studied butterfly variables, though butterflies responded markedly more negatively to increasing human population density than to built-up area. Responses in butterfly species richness and total abundance showed higher variability in relation to proportion of built-up area than to human density, especially in areas of high human density. Increasing human density negatively affected both the abundance and the occurrence of 47% of the 19 most abundant species, whereas, for the proportion of built-up area, the corresponding percentages were 32% and 32%, respectively. Species with high habitat specificity and low mobility showed higher sensitivity to urbanization (especially high human population density) than habitat generalists and mobile species that dominated the urban butterfly communities. Our results suggest that human population density provides a better indicator of urbanization effects on butterflies compared to the proportion of built-up area. The generality of this finding should be verified in other contexts and taxonomic groups.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Biologi -- Ekologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Biological Sciences -- Ecology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Biotic homogenization
Butterfly species responses
Human population density
Proportion of built-up area
Species traits
Urbanization gradient

Publication and Content Type

art (subject category)
ref (subject category)

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