Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Bioactives

• The purpose of this book chapter is to give the reader a thorough background to the fundamentals and applications of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the analysis of bioactive compounds. The chapter summarizes the field for 2009-2014 and includes fundamentals of water as a solvent; equipment; method optimization; a few selected applications; hyphenations and future aspects. It is highlighted that solvent properties of water are tuneable by changing the temperature, of which the most pronounced are self-ionization, dielectric constant, viscosity, diffusivity, density and surface tension. Furthermore, important aspects to consider are the risk of degradation of the analytes and other potential reactions such as hydrolysis, caramelization and Maillard reactions that may lead to erroneous results. For the extraction of bioactive compounds, PHWE methods reported are based on using water at 80-175°C and short extraction times. In conclusion, PHWE provides advantages over conventional extraction methods, such as being 'greener', faster and more efficient.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi -- Analytisk kemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences -- Analytical Chemistry (hsv//eng)

Keyword

Anthocyanins

Bioactive compounds

Diterpenes

Extraction

Polyphenols

Pressurized liquid extraction

Solubility

Subcritical

Superheated

Water

Publication and Content Type

art (subject category)

ref (subject category)