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Alpha-ketoglutarate...
Alpha-ketoglutarate, a key molecule involved in nitrogen circulation in both animals and plants, in the context of human gut microbiota and protein metabolism
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- Pierzynowski, Stefan (författare)
- Institute of Rural Health in Lublin,SGP + GROUP
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- Pierzynowska, Kateryna (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Biologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Department of Biology,Faculty of Science,The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition of the Polish Academy of Sciences,SGP + GROUP
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Elsevier BV, 2022
- 2022
- Engelska 6 s.
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Ingår i: Advances in Medical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1896-1126. ; 67:1, s. 142-147
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http://dx.doi.org/10... (free)
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Purpose: Nitrogen (N2) is an indispensable metabolite required for the synthesis of protein. In animals, gut bacteria and, to a certain extent, even hepatocytes, are able to assimilate nitrogen from ammonium (NH4+), which is essentially derived from the amine group (-NH2) and which is at the same time a very toxic metabolite. Initially, NH4+ is coupled to alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a reaction which results in the appearance of glutamate (one amine group), and after that, in the appearance of glutamine - containing two amine groups. The surplus of NH4+ which is not utilized by AKG/glutamate/glutamine is eliminated as urea in the urine, via the urea cycle in hepatocytes. Plants bacteria also assimilate nitrogen from NH4+, by its fixation to ammonia (NH3)/NH4+. Materials/methods: Previous studies have shown that AKG (also known as 2-oxo-glutaric acid or 2-oxopentanedioic acid), the primary metabolite of Rhizobium and gut bacteria, is essential for the assimilation of nitrogen. Results: Symbiotic bacteria produce AKG, which together with glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), ‘generates’ primarily amine groups from NH4+. The final product is glutamate – the first amino acid. Glutamate has the capacity to be converted to glutamine, through the action of glutamine synthetase, after the assimilation of the second nitrogen from NH4+. Conclusion: Glutamate/glutamine, derivatives of AKG metabolism, are capable of donating amine groups for the creation of other amino acids, following NH2 transamination to certain metabolites e.g., short chain fatty acids (SCFA).
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Zoologi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Zoology (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- Amino acids
- E. coli
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Nitrogen fixation
- Rhizobium
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- for (ämneskategori)
- ref (ämneskategori)
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