Antioxidant Nutrients and Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes : A Swedish Case-Control Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Antioxidant vitamins C and E are inversely associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated if antioxidants are also associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), with low (LADAlow) and high (LADAhigh) autoantibody levels, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and estimates of beta cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used Swedish case-control data with incident cases of LADA (n = 584) and T2D (n = 1989) and matched population-based controls (n = 2276). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per one standard deviation higher beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc intakes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses assessed causality between genetically predicted circulating antioxidants and LADA, T1D, and T2D, using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Among the antioxidants, vitamins C and E were inversely associated with LADAhigh (OR 0.84, CI 0.73, 0.98 and OR 0.80, CI 0.69, 0.94 respectively), but not with LADAlow or T2D. Vitamin E was also associated with higher HOMA-B and lower HOMA-IR. MR analyses estimated an OR of 0.50 (CI 0.20, 1.25) for the effect of vitamin E on T1D, but did not support causal relationships between antioxidants and either LADA or T2D. In conclusion, vitamin E may have a protective effect on autoimmune diabetes, possibly through preserved beta cell function and less insulin resistance.

Löfvenborg, Josefin E.Karolinska Institutet,Karolinska Institute (author)
Ahlqvist, EmmaLund University,Lunds universitet,Translationell muskelforskning,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Translational Muscle Research,Lund University Research Groups(Swepub:lu)infl-eah (author)
Tuomi, TiinamaijaLund University,Lunds universitet,Translationell muskelforskning,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Translational Muscle Research,Lund University Research Groups,University of Helsinki,Helsinki University Central Hospital,Folkhälsan Research Center(Swepub:lu)ti8736tu (author)
Wolk, AlicjaKarolinska Institutet,Karolinska Institute (author)
Carlsson, SofiaKarolinska Institutet,Karolinska Institute (author)
Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska Institute (creator_code:org_t)

By the author/editor: Lampousi, Anna M ...; Löfvenborg, Jose ...; Ahlqvist, Emma; Tuomi, Tiinamaij ...; Wolk, Alicja; Carlsson, Sofia

About the subject

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES: MEDICAL AND HEAL ...; and Clinical Medicin ...; and Endocrinology an ...

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