Detection and attribution of an anomaly in terrestrial photosynthesis in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown

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Detection and attribution of an anomaly in terrestrial photosynthesis in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown

Tang, Angela Che Ing (författare): University of Toledo,Interaction Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA)

Flechard, Christophe R. (författare): L'Institut Agro Rennes-Angers

Arriga, Nicola (författare): European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra

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Papale, Dario (författare): Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change,University of Tuscia

Stoy, Paul C. (författare): University of Wisconsin-Madison

Buchmann, Nina (författare): ETH Zürich

Cuntz, Matthias (författare): University of Lorraine

Douros, John (författare): Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute

Fares, Silvano (författare): CNR Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM),Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry

Knohl, Alexander (författare): University of Göttingen

Šigut, Ladislav (författare): Global Change Research Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Simioni, Guillaume (författare): Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE)

Timmermans, Renske (författare): Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (Utrecht)

Grünwald, Thomas (författare): Dresden University of Technology

Ibrom, Andreas (författare): Technical University of Denmark

Loubet, Benjamin (författare): University of Paris-Saclay

Mammarella, Ivan (författare): University of Helsinki

Belelli Marchesini, Luca (författare): Edmund Mach Foundation

Nilsson, Mats (författare): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå,Institutionen för skogens ekologi och skötsel,Department of Forest Ecology and Management

Peichl, Matthias (författare): Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå,Institutionen för skogens ekologi och skötsel,Department of Forest Ecology and Management

Rebmann, Corinna (författare): Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)

Schmidt, Marius (författare): Jülich Research Centre

Bernhofer, Christian (författare): Dresden University of Technology

Berveiller, Daniel (författare): University of Paris-Saclay

Cremonese, Edoardo (författare): Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley

El-Madany, Tarek S. (författare): Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry

Gharun, Mana (författare): University of Münster,ETH Zürich

Gianelle, Damiano (författare): Edmund Mach Foundation

Hörtnagl, Lukas (författare): ETH Zürich

Roland, Marilyn (författare): University of Antwerp

Varlagin, Andrej (författare): Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

Fu, Zheng (författare): University of Paris-Saclay

Heinesch, Bernard (författare): University of Liège

Janssens, Ivan (författare): University of Antwerp

Kowalska, Natalia (författare): Global Change Research Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Dušek, Jiří (författare): Global Change Research Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Gerosa, Giacomo (författare): Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Brescia

Mölder, Meelis (författare): Lund University,Lunds universitet,Institutionen för naturgeografi och ekosystemvetenskap,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science,Faculty of Science

Tuittila, Eeva Stiina (författare): University of Eastern Finland

Loustau, Denis (författare): Interaction Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA)

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2023
2023
Engelska.
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 903

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake by plant photosynthesis, referred to as gross primary production (GPP) at the ecosystem level, is sensitive to environmental factors, including pollutant exposure, pollutant uptake, and changes in the scattering of solar shortwave irradiance (SWin) − the energy source for photosynthesis. The 2020 spring lockdown due to COVID-19 resulted in improved air quality and atmospheric transparency, providing a unique opportunity to assess the impact of air pollutants on terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, detecting these effects can be challenging as GPP is influenced by other meteorological drivers and management practices. Based on data collected from 44 European ecosystem-scale CO2 flux monitoring stations, we observed significant changes in spring GPP at 34 sites during 2020 compared to 2015–2019. Among these, 14 sites showed an increase in GPP associated with higher SWin, 10 sites had lower GPP linked to atmospheric and soil dryness, and seven sites were subjected to management practices. The remaining three sites exhibited varying dynamics, with one experiencing colder and rainier weather resulting in lower GPP, and two showing higher GPP associated with earlier spring melts. Analysis using the regional atmospheric chemical transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) indicated that the ozone (O3) concentration remained relatively unchanged at the research sites, making it unlikely that O3 exposure was the dominant factor driving the primary production anomaly. In contrast, SWin increased by 9.4 % at 36 sites, suggesting enhanced GPP possibly due to reduced aerosol optical depth and cloudiness. Our findings indicate that air pollution and cloudiness may weaken the terrestrial carbon sink by up to 16 %. Accurate and continuous ground-based observations are crucial for detecting and attributing subtle changes in terrestrial ecosystem functioning in response to environmental and anthropogenic drivers.

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Detection and attribution of an anomaly in terrestrial photosynthesis in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdown

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