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The dynamic floor o...
The dynamic floor of Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, USA : The last 14 k.y. of hydrothermal explosions, venting, doming, and faulting
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- Morgan, L. A. (author)
- United States Geological Survey, Reston
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- Shanks, W. C.P. (author)
- United States Geological Survey, Reston
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- Pierce, K. L. (author)
- United States Geological Survey, Reston
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- Iverson, N. (author)
- New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources
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- Schiller, C. M. (author)
- Montana State University
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- Brown, S. R. (author)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln
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- Zahajska, P. (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Kvartärgeologi,Geologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Quaternary Sciences,Department of Geology,Faculty of Science
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- Cartier, R. (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Kvartärgeologi,Geologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Quaternary Sciences,Department of Geology,Faculty of Science
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- Cash, R. W. (author)
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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- Best, J. L. (author)
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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- Whitlock, C. (author)
- Montana State University
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- Fritz, S. (author)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln
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- Benzel, W. (author)
- US Geological Survey, Denver
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- Lowers, H. (author)
- US Geological Survey, Denver
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Lovalvo, D. A. (author)
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- Licciardi, J. M. (author)
- University of New Hampshire, Durham
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2023
- 2023
- English 28 s.
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In: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America. - 0016-7606. ; 135:3-4, s. 547-574
- Related links:
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http://dx.doi.org/10...
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Abstract
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- Hydrothermal explosions are significant potential hazards in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. The northern Yellowstone Lake area hosts the three largest hydrothermal explosion craters known on Earth empowered by the highest heat flow values in Yellowstone and active seismicity and deformation. Geological and geochemical studies of eighteen sublacustrine cores provide the first detailed synthesis of the age, sedimentary facies, and origin of multiple hydrothermal explosion deposits. New tephrochronology and radiocarbon results provide a four-dimensional view of recent geologic activity since recession at ca. 15–14.5 ka of the >1-km-thick Pinedale ice sheet. The sedimentary record in Yellowstone Lake contains multiple hydrothermal explosion deposits ranging in age from ca. 13 ka to ~1860 CE. Hydrothermal explosions require a sudden drop in pressure resulting in rapid expansion of high-temperature fluids causing fragmentation, ejection, and crater formation; explosions may be initiated by seismicity, faulting, deformation, or rapid lake-level changes. Fallout and transport of ejecta produces distinct facies of subaqueous hydrothermal explosion deposits. Yellowstone hydrothermal systems are characterized by alkaline-Cl and/or vapor-dominated fluids that, respectively, produce alteration dominated by silica-smectite-chlorite or by kaolinite. Alkaline-Cl liquids flash to steam during hydrothermal explosions, producing much more energetic events than simple vapor expansion in vapor-dominated systems. Two enormous explosion events in Yellowstone Lake were triggered quite differently: Elliott’s Crater explosion resulted from a major seismic event (8 ka) that ruptured an impervious hydrothermal dome, whereas the Mary Bay explosion (13 ka) was triggered by a sudden drop in lake level stimulated by a seismic event, tsunami, and outlet channel erosion.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Geokemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Geochemistry (hsv//eng)
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- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Morgan, L. A.
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Shanks, W. C.P.
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Pierce, K. L.
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Iverson, N.
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Schiller, C. M.
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Brown, S. R.
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show more...
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Zahajska, P.
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Cartier, R.
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Cash, R. W.
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Best, J. L.
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Whitlock, C.
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Fritz, S.
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Benzel, W.
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Lowers, H.
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Lovalvo, D. A.
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Licciardi, J. M.
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show less...
- About the subject
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Earth and Relate ...
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and Geochemistry
- Articles in the publication
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Bulletin of the ...
- By the university
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Lund University