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Sources of increase...
Sources of increase in lowermost stratospheric sulphurous and carbonaceous aerosol background concentrations during 1999-2008 derived from CARIBIC flights
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- Friberg, Johan (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Ergonomi och aerosolteknologi,Institutionen för designvetenskaper,Institutioner vid LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,Kärnfysik,Fysiska institutionen,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology,Department of Design Sciences,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,Nuclear physics,Department of Physics,Faculty of Engineering, LTH
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- Martinsson, Bengt (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Ergonomi och aerosolteknologi,Institutionen för designvetenskaper,Institutioner vid LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,Kärnfysik,Fysiska institutionen,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology,Department of Design Sciences,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,Nuclear physics,Department of Physics,Faculty of Engineering, LTH
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- Andersson, Sandra (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Ergonomi och aerosolteknologi,Institutionen för designvetenskaper,Institutioner vid LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology,Department of Design Sciences,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH
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Brenninkmeijer, Carl A. M. (author)
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Hermann, Markus (author)
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van Velthoven, Peter F. J. (author)
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Zahn, Andreas (author)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2014-01-01
- 2014
- English.
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In: Tellus. Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889.
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- This study focuses on sulphurous and carbonaceous aerosol, the major constituents of particulate matter in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), based on in situ measurements from 1999 to 2008. Aerosol particles in the size range of 0.082 mm were collected monthly during intercontinental flights with the CARIBIC passenger aircraft, presenting the first long-term study on carbonaceous aerosol in the LMS. Elemental concentrations were derived via subsequent laboratory-based ion beam analysis. The stoichiometry indicates that the sulphurous fraction is sulphate, while an O/C ratio of 0.2 indicates that the carbonaceous aerosol is organic. The concentration of the carbonaceous component corresponded on average to approximately 25% of that of the sulphurous, and could not be explained by forest fires or biomass burning, since the average mass ratio of Fe to K was 16 times higher than typical ratios in effluents from biomass burning. The data reveal increasing concentrations of particulate sulphur and carbon with a doubling of particulate sulphur from 1999 to 2008 in the northern hemisphere LMS. Periods of elevated concentrations of particulate sulphur in the LMS are linked to downward transport of aerosol from higher altitudes, using ozone as a tracer for stratospheric air. Tropical volcanic eruptions penetrating the tropical tropopause are identified as the likely cause of the particulate sulphur and carbon increase in the LMS, where entrainment of lower tropospheric air into volcanic jets and plumes could be the cause of the carbon increase.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Klimatforskning (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Climate Research (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- lowermost stratosphere
- elemental composition
- volcanic aerosol
- sulphurous aerosol
- carbonaceous aerosol
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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