Dialysis Outcomes in a Middle-Income Country: An Updated Comparison of Patient Mortality between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis

• <b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Comparisons of survival between dialysis modalities is of great importance to patients with kidney failure, their families, and healthcare systems. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study’s objective was to compare mortality of patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) and identify variables associated with mortality. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective cohort study included adult incident patients with kidney failure treated with HD or PD by the Baxter Renal Care Services network in Colombia. The study was conducted between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2013 (recruitment period), with follow-up until December 31, 2018. The outcome was the cumulative mortality rate at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Propensity score matching (PSM) and the Gompertz parametric survival model were used to compare mortality in HD versus PD. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The analysis included 12,499 patients, of whom 57.4% were on PD at inception. The overall mortality rate was 14.0 events per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.61–14.42). Using an intention-to-treat approach, crude mortality rates were significantly lower in patients receiving HD (HD: 12.3 deaths per 100 patient-years [95% CI, 11.7–12.8] vs. PD: 15.5 [14.9–16.1], <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). Using a Gompertz parametric survival model, dialysis modality was not significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio HD vs. PD 1.0, 95% CI, 0.9–1.1). After PSM, the mortality cumulative incidence functions between HD and PD were not statistically significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.88). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The present study in a large cohort of incident dialysis patients with at least 5 years follow-up and using PSM methods showed no differences in cumulative mortality between HD and PD patients. This evidence from a middle-income country may facilitate the process of dialysis modality selection globally.

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